Inheritance in c++ : destructors

Question

I added a protected member array in the abstract base class that each derived class uses, should the destructor of the base class be virtual or can I do:

**~base(){
   delete[] array;
}**

Answer 1

Both!

You can provide a definition for the base destructor (even if it's pure virtual,) and, if the base is where the resource lives. then the base is where it should be cleaned up.

---

Alternatively, get yourself a nice std::vector so it's all done for you.

Answer 2

I added a protected member array in the abstract base class that each derived class uses, should the destructor of the base class be virtual

Yes.

When you use polymorphism desctructor should be also virtual.

There is official guideline for that:

CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines.md at master · isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines · GitHub

C.127: A class with a virtual function should have a virtual or protected destructor

Reason

A class with a virtual function is usually (and in general) used via a pointer to base. Usually, the last user has to call delete on a pointer to base, often via a smart pointer to base, so the destructor should be public and virtual. Less commonly, if deletion through a pointer to base is not intended to be supported, the destructor should be protected and non-virtual; see C.35 .

Example, bad

struct B { virtual int f() = 0; //... no user-written destructor, defaults to public non-virtual... }; // bad: derived from a class without a virtual destructor struct D: B { string s {"default"}; }; void use() { unique_ptr<B> p = make_unique<D>(); //... } // undefined behavior, might call B::~B only and leak the string

Note

There are people who don't follow this rule because they plan to use a class only through a shared_ptr : std::shared_ptr<B> p = std::make_shared<D>(args); Here, the shared pointer will take care of deletion, so no leak will occur from an inappropriate delete of the base. People who do this consistently can get a false positive, but the rule is important -- what if one was allocated using make_unique ? It's not safe unless the author of B ensures that it can never be misused, such as by making all constructors private and providing a factory function to enforce the allocation with make_shared .

Enforcement

• A class with any virtual functions should have a destructor that is either public and virtual or else protected and non-virtual.
• Flag delete of a class with a virtual function but no virtual destructor.