What is the best way to make a non-blocking HTTP request using Reactor WebClient and deserialize the response to an object?

Question

I have experience with asynchronous libraries like Vert.x but new to Reactor/WebFlux specifically. I want to expose a single endpoint on a web application that when hit, turns around and calls another web service, parses the response into a Java object, then accesses fields within the object and does something with them. I am using WebClient to make the HTTP call and Jackson ObjectMapper to deserialize it. My code looks roughly like this (note: RequestUtil.safeDeserialize just uses Jackson to parse the string body into an object and returns Optional<Object> which is why I have an additional map step afterwards):

    public Mono<String> function(final String param) {
        final String encodedRequestBody = RequestUtil.encodeRequestBody(param);
        final Mono<Response> responseMono = webClient.post()
                .uri("/endpoint")
                .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
                .header("Authorization", "Basic " + basicAuthHeader)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromPublisher(Mono.just(encodedRequestBody), String.class))
                .exchange()
                .flatMap(clientResponseMono -> clientResponseMono.bodyToMono(String.class))
                .map(RequestUtil::safeDeserialize)
                .map(resp -> resp.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Failed to deserialize Oscar response!")));

        responseMono.subscribe(response -> {
            // Pull out some of the fields from the `Response` type object and do something with them
        });

        return responseMono.map(Response::aStringField);
    }

After performance testing this code against an identical application that follows the exact same logic, but makes the HTTP call via the blocking Java11 HttpClient class, I see almost no difference between the two -- in fact, the WebClient implementation is slightly less performant than the blocking implementation.

Clearly I made a mistake somewhere either with the code or my mental model of what's going on here, so any help/advice is very appreciated. Thanks!

Edit: Based on the advice in @Toerktumlare's response, I have updated the function to the following:

    public Mono<String> function(final String param) {
        final Mono<String> encodedRequestBody = RequestUtil.encodeRequestBodyToMono(param);
        final Mono<Response> responseMono = webClient.post()
                .uri("/endpoint")
                .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
                .header("Authorization", "Basic " + basicAuthHeader)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(encodedRequestBody, String.class)
                .retrieve()
                .bodyToMono(Response.class);

        return responseMono.flatMap(response -> {
            final String field = response.field();
            // Use `field` to do something that would produce a log message
            logger.debug("Field is: {}", field);
            return Mono.just(field);
        });
}

When running this code, I don't see any logging. This makes me think that the HTTP call isn't actually happening (or completing in time?) because when I use subscribe with the same WebClient code, I can successfully print out fields from the response. What am I missing?

Edit2: This function is being used to serve responses to an endpoint (a few lines of code are omitted for conciseness):

    @Bean
    public RouterFunction<ServerResponse> routerFunction(ResponseHandler handler) {
        return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.GET("/my/endpoint")
                .and(RequestPredicates.accept(MediaType.ALL)), handler::endpoint);
    }
 

    public Mono<ServerResponse> endpoint(ServerRequest request) {
        // Pull out a comma-separated list from the request
        final List<String> params = Arrays.asList(fieldFromRequest.split(","));

        // For each param, call function(param), roll into list
        List<Mono<String>> results = params.stream()
                .map(nonBlockingClient::function)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        // Check to see if any of the requests failed
        if (results.size() != params.size()) {
            return ServerResponse.status(500).build();
        }

        logger.debug("Success");
        return ServerResponse.ok().build();
    }

Answer 1

Most likely the your problem is with the usage of subscribe .

A consumer will subscribe to a producer . Your backend application is a producer which makes the calling client the consumer . Which means, its usually the calling client that should be subscribing not you.

What you are doing now is basically consuming your own production . Which is in a way blocking.

In general you should never subscribe in a webflux application, unless your application for example calls an api and then consumes the response (for instance saves it in a database etc). The one the initiates the call, is in general the subscriber .

I would rewrite the last part and drop the subscribe :

return responseMono.flatMap(response -> {
        final string = doSomething(response);
        return OscarGuacResponse.aStringField(string);
    });

Also i see that in RequestUtil::safeDeserializez you return an Optional<T> i would instead look into returning either a Mono#empty , or Mono#error as the return type to be able to use the many error operators that are available in webflux for instance switchIfEmpty , onErrorContinue , defaultIfEmpty etc etc. There is an entire chapter on error handling in the reactor documentation.

Also maybe look into using flatMap instead of map in many places. To understand the differences between these two you can look at this answer .

Also, when looking at performance later on, you should understand that when you measure webflux performance, you need to look at such things as memory footprint and number of threads, compared to non-blocking applications. You might not see any performance gain when it comes to speed, but instead see that the application uses a lot less threads which in turn means a smaller memory footprint which is a gain itself.

Update:

You are trying to code regular java when doing reactive programming which will not work. Why your code is not working is because you are "breaking the chain" .

I wrote this without an IDE, so it might not compile, but you should get the understanding of it. You always need to chain on the previous, and things like java streams etc are usually not needed in reactive programming.

public Mono<ServerResponse> endpoint(ServerRequest request) {
    final List<String> params = Arrays.asList(fieldFromRequest.split(","));
    return Flux.fromIterable(params)
               .flatMap(param -> nonBlockingClient.function(param))
               .collectList()
               .flatMap(list -> {
                   if (list.size() != params.size()) {
                       return ServerResponse.status(500).build();
                   }
                   return ServerResponse.ok().build();
               })
}

This is basic reactive programming and i HIGHLY suggest you go through the "getting started section" of the reactor documentation so you understand the basics, because if you are going to code regular java in a reactive application, you are going to have a bad time.