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Object Properties with disjoint classes in Protege

 原文  2021-02-22 11:11:18  4   2    ontology/ protege

Question

I would like to model an ontology where I can represent an absence of entity so to say. I want for example to have Rain and No_Rain, which I would define as disjoint classes. After this I have the object Property has_rain. I want somehow to be able to reason that it's not possible to have at the same time for the same individual has_rain(Rain) and has_rain(No_Rain) I've searched a lot and couldn't find the answer to my problem. Maybe I've missed it somewhere. Sorry if I didn't explain everything good, this is my first question. I hope you understood everything and thanks in advance: Edit:

<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->




<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#has_rain -->

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#has_rain">
    <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>



<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->




<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#No_Rain -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#No_Rain"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#Rain -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#Rain"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#Scene -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#Scene"/>



<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Individuals
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->




<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#no_rain -->

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#no_rain"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#rain -->

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#rain"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#scene -->

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#scene">
    <has_rain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#rain"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>



<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// General axioms
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->

<rdf:Description>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDifferent"/>
    <owl:distinctMembers rdf:parseType="Collection">
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#no_rain"/>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/qala/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-28#rain"/>
    </owl:distinctMembers>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

I also started using owlready, but I am still new there, but if I had to model this in code it would be:

with ontology:
class Rain(Thing):
    pass

class No_Rain(Thing):
    pass

class Scene(Thing):
    pass

class has_rain(ObjectProperty):
    domain = [Scene]
    range = [Rain or No_Rain]

rain = Rain("rain")
no_rain = No_Rain("no_rain")
AllDisjoint(Rain, No_Rain)

I hope this makes it more clear.

class hierarchy

object properties

individuals

scene individual

2 answers

solution1
 1 ACCPTED  2021-02-23 14:21:28

You seem to want to define scenes that can have different weather. Ideally a scene should not be able to have both snow and being dry.

Because this is about a scene, I will define different types of SceneWeather , ie DryScene , SnowyScene and RainyScene , which is disjoint from each other - it cannot snow and rain at the same time. Then I define object properties hasRain with RainyScene as domain and likewise hasSnow and isDry .

I have introduced SceneWeather as a parent class with the assumption that you likely will want to capture various scene related information. In the example below I included SceneTimeOfDay with Morning as subclass and isMorning as object property with Morning as domain.

Based on the above you can then define a snowyMorningScene by asserting that for snowyMorningScene we have hasSnow and isMorning . Using a reasoner it will infer that snowyMorningScene is of type SnowyScene and Morning . If you now state that snowyMorningScene isDry , it will result in an inconsistency.

Below is the complete ontology for doing this.

<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#"
     xml:base="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:untitled-ontology-291="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291"/>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Object Properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isDry -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isDry">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneWeather"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#DryScene"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isMorning -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isMorning">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneTimeOfDay"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Morning"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isRainy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isRainy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneWeather"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#RainyScene"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isSnowy -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#isSnowy">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneWeather"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SnowyScene"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneTimeOfDay -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneTimeOfDay"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneWeather -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#sceneWeather"/>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#DryScene -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#DryScene">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneWeather"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#MidDay -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#MidDay">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneTimeOfDay"/>
        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Morning"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Morning -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Morning">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneTimeOfDay"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#RainyScene -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#RainyScene">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneWeather"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Scene -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Scene"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneTimeOfDay -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneTimeOfDay">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Scene"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneWeather -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneWeather">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#Scene"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SnowyScene -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SnowyScene">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SceneWeather"/>
    </owl:Class>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Individuals
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#dry -->

    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#dry"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#morning -->

    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#morning"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#snow -->

    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#snow"/>
    


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#snowyMorningScene -->

    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#snowyMorningScene">
        <isDry rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#dry"/>
        <isMorning rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#morning"/>
        <isSnowy rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#snow"/>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>
    


    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // General axioms
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->

    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#DryScene"/>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#RainyScene"/>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/henriette/ontologies/2021/1/untitled-ontology-291#SnowyScene"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>



<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi -->

solution2
 0  2021-02-22 11:39:54

EDIT: This is actually wrong, to do it this way.

Okay actually I somehow managed to fix my problem:D If you define the object property as functional and then try to connect an individual with both rain and no_rain, then the reasoner tells you it's inconsistent, which was what I needed. I would still be happy if someone says, if this is the correct way to model it. enter image description here

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