Difference between Default gateway and a Router

Question

Actually i have three Questions in this regard

1. IP ADDRESS:- Does router and default gateway same? if same, then why router (inte.net IP) address is public and Gateway IP address is local (i mean why both are different)

2. MAC ADDRESS:- what is the difference between WAN MAC address and ROUTER MAC address and Default Gateway MAC address, why are they different?

3. Difference between Data packets and IP packets? are data packets travel from a host to a remote server present in some other country through submarine cables or through router to router by hop-by-hop transport?

I am a new learner, please don't get angry if i asked something silly

Answer 1

Router and gateway are essentially the same - a gateway provides access to remote su.nets. The hardware for that is called router. Routers route between.networks.

A default gateway is a gateway to provide access to all su.nets that are not specifically configured. At a minimum, a host requires a default gateway to connect to the Inte.net.

IP addresses are configured on (logical) interfaces. A router usually requires at least two interfaces, each configured with an IP address from the connected su.net.

Likewise, a MAC address is required for a physical interface - specifically for the data link layer to work (OSI layer 2). It uniquely identifies interfaces within a.network segment and is used by.network switches for forwarding.

A data packet can be many things. An IP packet is a packet (also protocol data unit PDU) on the.network layer (OSI layer 3). IP packets travel between hosts around the globe and transport user data (payload) between them.

User data is actually transported by an application-layer protocol (eg HTTP) that in turn uses a transport-layer protocol (eg TCP) between processes/applications. The transport layer uses the.network layer (IPv4 or IPv6) which in turn uses the data link layer (eg Ethe.net) which in turn uses the physical layer (physical interfaces and cables).