Output of echo in a while loop inside a busybox container does not change

Question

I am trying to get a busybox Pod to output some logs in a JSON format every second while updating the time timestamp and the msg value for debugging purposes.

For that, I create the following hello-pod

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
 name: hello-pod
spec:
 containers:
 - name: count
   image: busybox
   args: [
    /bin/sh,
    -c,
    'i=0; while true; do echo "{\"time\":$(date +%s),\"msg\":\"This is my dummy log number $i\"}"; i=$((i+1)); sleep 1; done'
   ]
EOF

I expect the Pod to write the following to the standard output

{"time":1662474158,"msg":"This is my dummy log number 0"}
{"time":1662474159,"msg":"This is my dummy log number 1"}
{"time":1662474160,"msg":"This is my dummy log number 2"}

However, I'm getting the same log output, time stays the same and i has no value.

{"time":1662473834,"msg":"This is my dummy log number "}
{"time":1662473834,"msg":"This is my dummy log number "}
{"time":1662473834,"msg":"This is my dummy log number "}

After looking a bit at this thread , I tried updating the echo statement in the third argument with echo "{\"time\":my-time}" | sed "s/my-time/$(date +%s)/" echo "{\"time\":my-time}" | sed "s/my-time/$(date +%s)/" which I expected to replace the my-time string with the new current time but I still get the same result. (The first echo as output every second)

Answer 1

If you remove the kubectl apply -f - , you will see what's being cat 'd to kubectl and, I think you'll find that the variables have been substituted once when the file was generated.

This should work:

echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
 name: hello-pod
spec:           
 containers:
 - name: count
   image: busybox
   args: [
    /bin/sh,
    -c,
    "i=0; while true; do echo {\"time\":$(date +%s),\"msg\":\"This is my dummy log number ${i}\"}; i=$((i+1)); sleep 1; done"
   ]' | kubectl apply --filename=-

My personal preference is to avoid combining JSON [...] with YAML and to use YAML's pipe ( | ) to more cleanly lay out the script:

echo 'apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
 name: hello-pod
spec:           
 containers:
 - name: count
   image: busybox
   command:
   - /bin/sh
   - -c
   args:
   - |
     i=0
     while true
     do
       echo "{\"time\":$(date +%s),\"msg\":\"This is my dummy log number ${i}\"}"
       i=$((i+1))
       sleep 1
     done
' | kubectl apply --filename=-