What is a suitable buffer for Python's struct module

Question

In Python I'm accessing a binary file by reading it into a string and then using struct.unpack(...) . Now I want to write to that string using struct.pack_into(...) , but I get the error "Cannot use string as modifiable buffer" . What would be a suitable buffer for use with the struct module?

Answer 1

As noted in another answer, struct_pack is probably all you need and should use. However, objects of type array support the buffer protocol and can be modified:

>>> import array, struct
>>> a = array.array('c', ' ' * 1000)
>>> c = 'a'; i = 1
>>> struct.pack_into('ci', a, -0, c, i)
>>> a
array('c', 'a\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00  ...

The original buffer protocol was a bit of a hack primarily for C extensions. It has been deprecated and replaced by a new C-level buffer API and memoryview objects in Python 3 (and in the upcoming 2.7).

Answer 2

If you aren't trying to pack it into a specific object, just use struct.pack to return a string.

Otherwise, ctypes.create_string_buffer is one way to obtain a mutable buffer.

Answer 3

Two possibilities leap immediately to mind:

• You can use the Python stringio module to make a read/write buffer with file semantics.

• You can use the Python array module to get a buffer you can treat like a list, but which will contain just binary bytes.