OptimisticConcurrencyException Does Not Work in Entity Framework In Certain Situations

Question

UPDATE (2010-12-21): Completely rewrote this question based on tests that I've been doing. Also, this used to be a POCO specific question, but it turns out that my question isn't necessarily POCO specific.

I'm using Entity Framework and I've got a timestamp column in my database table that should be used to track changes for optimistic concurrency. I've set the concurrency mode for this property in the Entity Designer to "Fixed" and I'm getting inconsistent results. Here are a couple of simplified scenarios that demonstrate that concurrency checking works in one scenario but not in another.

Successfully throws OptimisticConcurrencyException:

If I attach a disconnected entity, then SaveChanges will throw an OptimisticConcurrencyException if there is a timestamp conflict:

    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Index(Person person) {
        _context.People.Attach(person);
        var state = _context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(person);
        state.ChangeState(System.Data.EntityState.Modified);
        _context.SaveChanges();
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

Does not throw OptimisticConcurrencyException:

On the other hand, if I retrieve a new copy of my entity from the database and I do a partial update on some fields, and then call SaveChanges(), then even though there is a timestamp conflict, I don't get an OptimisticConcurrencyException:

    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Index(Person person) {
        var currentPerson = _context.People.Where(x => x.Id == person.Id).First();
        currentPerson.Name = person.Name;

        // currentPerson.VerColm == [0,0,0,0,0,0,15,167]
        // person.VerColm == [0,0,0,0,0,0,15,166]
        currentPerson.VerColm = person.VerColm;

        // in POCO, currentPerson.VerColm == [0,0,0,0,0,0,15,166]
        // in non-POCO, currentPerson.VerColm doesn't change and is still [0,0,0,0,0,0,15,167]
        _context.SaveChanges();
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

Based on SQL Profiler, it looks like Entity Framework is ignoring the new VerColm (which is the timestamp property) and instead using the originally loaded VerColm. Because of this, it will never throw an OptimisticConcurrencyException.

---

UPDATE: Adding additional info per Jan's request:

Note that I also added comments to the above code to coincide with what I see in my controller action while working through this example.

This is the value of the VerColm in my DataBase prior to the update: 0x0000000000000FA7

Here is what SQL Profiler shows when doing the update:

exec sp_executesql N'update [dbo].[People]
set [Name] = @0
where (([Id] = @1) and ([VerColm] = @2))
select [VerColm]
from [dbo].[People]
where @@ROWCOUNT > 0 and [Id] = @1',N'@0 nvarchar(50),@1 int,@2 binary(8)',@0=N'hello',@1=1,@2=0x0000000000000FA7

Note that @2 should have been 0x0000000000000FA6, but it's 0x0000000000000FA7

Here is the VerColm in my DataBase after the update: 0x0000000000000FA8

---

Does anyone know how I can work around this problem? I'd like Entity Framework to throw an exception when I update an existing entity and there's a timestamp conflict.

Thanks

Answer 1

Explanation

The reason why you aren't getting the expected OptimisticConcurrencyException on your second code example is due to the manner EF checks concurrency:

When you retrieve entities by querying your db, EF remembers the value of all with ConcurrencyMode.Fixed marked properties by the time of querying as the original, unmodified values.

Then you change some properties (including the Fixed marked ones) and call SaveChanges() on your DataContext.

EF checks for concurrent updates by comparing the current values of all Fixed marked db columns with the original, unmodified values of the Fixed marked properties. The key point here is that EF treats the update of you timestamp property as a normal data property update. The behavior you see is by design.

Solution/Workaround

To workaround you have the following options:

1. Use your first approach: Don't requery the db for your entity but Attach the recreated entity to your context.

2. Fake your timestamp value to be the current db value, so that the EF concurrency check uses your supplied value like shown below (see also this answer on a similar question):

    var currentPerson = _context.People.Where(x => x.Id == person.Id).First(); currentPerson.VerColm = person.VerColm; // set timestamp value var ose = _context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(currentPerson); ose.AcceptChanges(); // pretend object is unchanged currentPerson.Name = person.Name; // assign other data properties _context.SaveChanges(); 

3. You can check for concurrency yourself by comparing your timestamp value to the requeried timestamp value:

    var currentPerson = _context.People.Where(x => x.Id == person.Id).First(); if (currentPerson.VerColm != person.VerColm) { throw new OptimisticConcurrencyException(); } currentPerson.Name = person.Name; // assign other data properties _context.SaveChanges(); 

Answer 2

Here is another approach that is a bit more generic and fits in the data layer:

// if any timestamps have changed, throw concurrency exception
var changed = this.ChangeTracker.Entries<>()
    .Any(x => !x.CurrentValues.GetValue<byte[]>("Timestamp").SequenceEqual(
        x.OriginalValues.GetValue<byte[]>("Timestamp")));
if (changed) throw new OptimisticConcurrencyException();
this.SaveChanges();

It just checks to see if the TimeStamp has changed and throws concurrency exception.

Answer 3

If it's EF Code first, then use code similar to below code. This will change the original TimeStamp loaded from db to the one from UI and will ensure OptimisticConcurrencyEception occurs.

db.Entry(request).OriginalValues["Timestamp"] = TimeStamp;

Answer 4

I have modified @JarrettV solution to work with Entity Framework Core. Right now it is iterating through all modified entries in context and looking for any mismatch in property marked as concurrency token. Works for TimeStamp (RowVersion) as well:

private void ThrowIfInvalidConcurrencyToken()
{
    foreach (var entry in _context.ChangeTracker.Entries())
    {
        if (entry.State == EntityState.Unchanged) continue;

        foreach (var entryProperty in entry.Properties)
        {
            if (!entryProperty.IsModified || !entryProperty.Metadata.IsConcurrencyToken) continue;

            if (entryProperty.OriginalValue != entryProperty.CurrentValue)
            {                    
                throw new DbUpdateConcurrencyException(
                    $"Entity {entry.Metadata.Name} has been modified by another process",
                    new List<IUpdateEntry>()
                    {
                        entry.GetInfrastructure()
                    });
            }
        }
    }
}

And we need only to invoke this method before we save changes in EF context:

public async Task SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    ThrowIfInvalidConcurrencyToken();
    await _context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
}