I've misplaced +=
with =+
one too many times, and I think I keep forgetting because I don't know the difference between these two, only that one gives me the value I expect it to, and the other does not.
Why is this?
a += b
is short-hand for a = a + b
(though note that the expression a
will only be evaluated once.)
a =+ b
is a = (+b)
, ie assigning the unary +
of b
to a
.
Examples:
int a = 15;
int b = -5;
a += b; // a is now 10
a =+ b; // a is now -5
+=
is a compound assignment operator - it adds the RHS operand to the existing value of the LHS operand.
=+
is just the assignment operator followed by the unary + operator. It sets the value of the LHS operand to the value of the RHS operand:
int x = 10;
x += 10; // x = x + 10; i.e. x = 20
x =+ 5; // Equivalent to x = +5, so x = 5.
+=
→ Add the right side to the left
=+
→ Don't use this. Set the left to the right side.
a += b
equals a = a + b
. a =+ b
equals a = (+b)
.
It's simple.
x += 1
is the same as x = x + 1
while
x =+ 1
will make x
have the value of (positive) one
x += y
is the same as
x = x + y
and
x =+ y
is wrong but could be interpreted as
x = 0 + y
因为=+
不是 Java 运算符。
Some historical perspective: Java inherited the +=
and similar operators from C. In very early versions of C (mid 1970s), the compound assignment operators had the "=" on the left, so
x =- 3;
was equivalent to
x = x - 3;
(except that x
is only evaluated once).
This caused confusion, because
x=-1;
would decrement x rather than assigning the value -1 to it, so the syntax was changed (avoiding the horror of having to surround operators with blanks: x = -1;
).
(I used -=
and =-
in the examples because early C didn't have the unary +
operator.)
Fortunately, Java was invented long after C changed to the current syntax, so it never had this particular problem.
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