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对于python集,'和'和'&'之间有区别吗?

[英]Is there a difference between 'and' and '&' with respect to python sets?

如果字典键有空值,我对问题检查有很好的帮助。 但我想知道如果有之间的差异and&在Python? 我认为它们应该相似吗?

dict1 ={"city":"","name":"yass","region":"","zipcode":"",
   "phone":"","address":"","tehsil":"", "planet":"mars"}

whitelist = {"name", "phone", "zipcode", "region", "city",
             "munic", "address", "subarea"}

result = {k: dict1[k] for k in dict1.viewkeys() & whitelist if dict1[k]}

and是一个逻辑运算符,用于比较两个值,IE:

> 2 > 1 and 2 > 3
True

&是一个按位运算符,用于执行按位AND运算:

> 255 & 1
1

更新

对于set操作&运算符等同于intersection()操作,并创建一个包含s和t共有元素的新集合:

>>> a = set([1, 2, 3])
>>> b = set([3, 4, 5])
>>> a & b
set([3])

and仍然只是一个逻辑比较函数,并将set参数视为非false值。 如果两个参数都不为False它也将返回最后一个值:

>>> a and b
set([3, 4, 5])
>>> a and b and True
True
>>> False and a and b and True
False

值得注意的是,根据Dictionary视图对象的python文档, dict1.viewkeys()返回的对象是一个“类似set”的视图对象:

dict.viewkeys()dict.viewvalues()dict.viewitems()返回的对象是视图对象。 它们提供字典条目的动态视图,这意味着当字典更改时,视图会反映这些更改。

...

dictview & other

将dictview和另一个对象的交集作为新集返回。

...

  • and是合乎逻辑的
  • &是按位和

如果两个值都计算为true and返回第二个值。

套装&交叉。

如果你这样做:

In [25]: a = {1, 2, 3}

In [26]: b = {3, 4, 5}

In [27]: a and b
Out[27]: set([3, 4, 5])

In [28]: a & b
Out[28]: set([3])

这是因为bool(a) == Truebool(b) == True所以and返回第二组。 &返回集合的交集。

set文件)

是的and是合乎逻辑的,而&是一个按位和。 见例子 -

>>> 1 and 2
2
>>> 1 & 2
0

第一个结果是由于短路。 Python测试1并发现它为真并返回2.但是,第二部分执行01(二进制1)和10(二进制2)因此评估为00(1&0,0和1),即0。

&是逐位和操作员, and是布尔逻辑运算器。 他们是完全不同的,不要混淆他们! 例如:

7 & 3
=> 3

True and False
=> False
>>> help('&')

+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Operator                                        | Description                           |
+=================================================+=======================================+
| ``lambda``                                      | Lambda expression                     |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``if`` -- ``else``                              | Conditional expression                |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``or``                                          | Boolean OR                            |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``and``                                         | Boolean AND                           |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``not`` ``x``                                   | Boolean NOT                           |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``in``, ``not in``, ``is``, ``is not``, ``<``,  | Comparisons, including membership     |
| ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``, ``<>``, ``!=``, ``==``   | tests and identity tests,             |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``|``                                           | Bitwise OR                            |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``^``                                           | Bitwise XOR                           |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``&``                                           | Bitwise AND                           |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``<<``, ``>>``                                  | Shifts                                |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``+``, ``-``                                    | Addition and subtraction              |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``*``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``                     | Multiplication, division, remainder   |
|                                                 | [8]                                   |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``+x``, ``-x``, ``~x``                          | Positive, negative, bitwise NOT       |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``**``                                          | Exponentiation [9]                    |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``x[index]``, ``x[index:index]``,               | Subscription, slicing, call,          |
| ``x(arguments...)``, ``x.attribute``            | attribute reference                   |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ``(expressions...)``, ``[expressions...]``,     | Binding or tuple display, list        |
| ``{key: value...}``, ```expressions...```       | display, dictionary display, string   |
|                                                 | conversion                            |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

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