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为什么这个非常简单的Makefile产生如此多的调试记录？

[英]Why does this incredibly simple Makefile produce so much debug logging?

 原文  2014-02-06 08:40:55  2   5    c++/ makefile

问题描述

我正在学习Makefiles并决定写下我的第一个练习。 我有一个包含两个文件的目录： 

Makefile  makefile.cpp

这是makefile.cpp（惊喜！）： 

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
  return 0;
}

这是Makefile： 

CC = g++
FILES = makefile.cpp
OUT_EXE = makefileout

build: $(FILES)
    $(CC) -o $(OUT_EXE) $(FILES)

然后我运行make -d并得到一个很长的日志： 

$ make -d
GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Reading makefiles...
Reading makefile `Makefile'...
Updating makefiles....
 Considering target file `Makefile'.
  Looking for an implicit rule for `Makefile'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.o'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.c'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cc'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.C'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cpp'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.p'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.f'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.F'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.r'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.s'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.sh'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile,v'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile,v'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.o'.
  Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.o'.
   Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.c'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.C'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cpp'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.o'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.o'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.o'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.c'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.c'.
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    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.y'.
    Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.y'.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
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     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.y'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.sh'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.sh'.
  No implicit rule found for `Makefile'.
  Finished prerequisites of target file `Makefile'.
 No need to remake target `Makefile'.
Updating goal targets....
Considering target file `build'.
 File `build' does not exist.
  Considering target file `makefile.cpp'.
   Looking for an implicit rule for `makefile.cpp'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `makefile.cpp'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `makefile.cpp,v'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `makefile.cpp'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `makefile.cpp'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `makefile.cpp'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `s.makefile.cpp'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `makefile.cpp'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.makefile.cpp'.
   No implicit rule found for `makefile.cpp'.
   Finished prerequisites of target file `makefile.cpp'.
  No need to remake target `makefile.cpp'.
 Finished prerequisites of target file `build'.
Must remake target `build'.
g++ -o makefileout makefile.cpp
Putting child 0x01a6de60 (build) PID 6157 on the chain.
Live child 0x01a6de60 (build) PID 6157 
Reaping winning child 0x01a6de60 PID 6157 
Removing child 0x01a6de60 PID 6157 from chain.
Successfully remade target file `build'.

我的问题是： 我做错了吗？ 为什么这么简单的例子会产生如此多的日志？

此外，即使源代码早于最新的make ，我的Makefile似乎总是重新编译对象代码。 换句话说，我从未见过这样的信息：“没有什么可做的。”

5 个解决方案

解决方案1
 5  2014-02-06 08:46:26

因为您将“-d”传递给“make”。 “-d”参数是产生所有噪声的参数。 

-d   Print debugging information in addition to normal processing.  The
     debugging information says which files are  being  considered  for
     remaking,  which  file-times  are  being  compared  and  with what
     results, which files actually need to be  remade,  which  implicit
     rules  are considered and which are applied---everything interest‐
     ing about how make decides what to do.

所以停止传递-d进行制作，你将得到你可能期望的输出。

解决方案2
 5  2014-02-06 08:46:33

好吧，你已经要求使用-d选项进行调试。 你说对了。 如果你问为什么GNU make有如此多的隐式规则，每次make进程都会检查Makefile - 这主要是出于历史原因。 有构建系统（例如Ninja ）没有这么长的开发历史，因此内部的东西较少。

解决方案3
 2  2016-09-13 09:58:11

默认情况下，make有很多关于通过编译构建应用程序的预定义规则。 请参阅https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Implicit-Rules

通过将.SUFFIXES:添加到makefile中，可以大大减少所需的工作量。 因此，由于许多规则现在不再存在，这可能会使您的制作瘫痪。

我发现即使我使用.SUFFIXES:由于Makefile位于git checkout中，我仍然会得到隐式规则。 我的项目与编译应用程序无关。

减少工作量的另一种方法是从命令行禁用后缀。 使用-r或--no-builtin-rules标志会导致默认的后缀列表为空。

解决方案4
 1 已采纳  2014-02-06 09:25:31

我将解决编辑问题：

我的Makefile似乎总是重新编译目标代码，即使源代码比最新的make更旧

在这个答案。

考虑你的Makefile： 

CC = g++
FILES = makefile.cpp
OUT_EXE = makefileout

build: $(FILES)
    $(CC) -o $(OUT_EXE) $(FILES)

这里唯一的目标是build ，这是永远不会构造的东西（这就是为什么你每次都看到编译的原因）。 对此最简单的解决方法应该是： 

CC = g++
FILES = makefile.cpp
OUT_EXE = makefileout

${OUT_EXE}: $(FILES)
    $(CC) -o $(OUT_EXE) $(FILES)

使用新规则make将检查makefileout而不是build ，从而提供预期的行为。

如果您想进行更多实验，可以使用Makefile发出以下命令： 

rm -f makefileout
touch build
make

你会发现即使可执行文件不存在， make也不会编译它。 我告诉你为什么（一个简单的）练习的问题。

解决方案5
 0  2014-02-06 08:57:43

将-d flag传递给make具有打印附加信息的效果，这有时有助于调试问题。

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