Python 2.6：如何导入我编写和使用的类

Question

我是Python编程的新手。 我要编写使用GUI的6-8个小型桌面应用程序。 我以为很聪明，我会构建基本的GUI Shell，然后将其导入到每个应用程序中。 这样，它们将具有相同的外观。 另外，当我增强基本GUI程序包时，这些更改将流到我所有的小应用程序中。

我在弄清楚如何正确导入然后引用GUI时遇到了麻烦。 下面是我的基本GUI软件包。 在那之后，我展示了尝试导入它的工作。 它实际上是导入的，但是我不能更改任何变量。 我完全迷路了。

如果有人能在不掌握太多技术的情况下为我指明正确的方向，我将非常感激。 我仍然对整个OOP感到困惑。

基本GUI包

---

# bsgui which stands for Base GUI is the basic GUI for starting new apps
#
# The variables are set up so you can edit them easily for your new 
# Application

# Versioning
var_Version = "1.00"
var_Title = "bsgui   Version: %s" % var_Version
var_HelpAboutMbxTitle = "About bsgui"
var_Menu_Custom = "XXXX"
print ("Hello World")

import wx

# Create the Main window

class cls_gui(wx.Frame):

    def __init__(self,parent,id):
    wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id, var_Title)

# Add the panel to the frame
    pnl_gui_main=wx.Panel(self)

    # Menu Bar and structure
    wig_menu_bar=wx.MenuBar()

     # Create the File Menu Tree
    mnu_File=wx.Menu()
     wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_File,"&File")
     mnu_Edit=wx.Menu()
     wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_Edit, "&Edit")
     mnu_Options=wx.Menu()
    wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_Options, "&Options")
    mnu_Custom=wx.Menu()
    wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_Custom, var_Menu_Custom)
    mnu_Tools=wx.Menu()
    wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_Tools, "&Tools")
    mnu_Help=wx.Menu()
    wig_menu_bar.Append(mnu_Help, "&Help")

     # These are options under the File menubar option
    printMI = mnu_File.Append(wx.NewId(), "&Print", "Print the current record")
    exitMI = mnu_File.Append(wx.NewId(), "E&xit", "Exit the program")
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.fcn_closebutton, exitMI)

    # Help tree options
    helpMI = mnu_Help.Append(wx.NewId(), "&About", "About the program")
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.fcn_HelpAbout, helpMI)


    # This statment makes the menubar appear 
    self.SetMenuBar(wig_menu_bar)

    # Create the status bar in the bottom of the app
    wig_status_bar=self.CreateStatusBar()

    # Add a button to the panel
    btn_exit=wx.Button(pnl_gui_main,label="Exit",pos=(5,575),
                            size=(50,30))
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.fcn_closebutton, btn_exit)

    # Make the X button close when you click it
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.fcn_closewindow)

# This function closes the app when the button is clicked
def fcn_closebutton(self,event):
    self.Close(True)

 # This function displays the Help / About information
def fcn_HelpAbout(self, event):
    mbx_HelpAbout=wx.MessageDialog(None, var_Title, 
                    var_HelpAboutMbxTitle,wx.OK)
    mbx_HelpAbout_Answer=mbx_HelpAbout.ShowModal()
    mbx_HelpAbout.Destroy()

# This function closes the app when the X is clicked
def fcn_closewindow(self, event):
    self.Destroy()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = wx.PySimpleApp() #application object - runs your program
    frame=cls_gui(parent=None,id=-1) #frame object - need a frame
    frame.Show()
    frame.Maximize()
    app.MainLoop() # kicks off the program

---

这是我如何导入和打开bsgui但无法访问任何变量的方法

---

import wx
import bsgui

# use the following 2 lines to see what path Python is using then any 
# you want to import needs to be put in one of the path folders. After 
# that you can use the import command. Python files should not include 
# the .py extension

# import sys
# print sys.path


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = wx.PySimpleApp() #application object - runs your program
    frame=bsgui.cls_gui(parent=None,id=-1) #frame object - need a frame
    frame.Show()
    frame.Maximize()
    app.MainLoop() # kicks off the program

Answer 1

那是因为您创建了局部变量。 当函数/方法返回时，它们停止存在。 如果要使它们持久化，则需要在对象上将它们创建为属性。

self.pnl_gui_main=wx.Panel(self)