“ dyld：库未加载”错误

Question

我已经成功地编译了静态库，并将其添加到XCode项目中，就像在文档中编写的一样：

1. libclang.a文件在项目目录中（添加了文件副本和组）
2. libclang.a列在“框架”中
3. 我已经将“ -Objc”链接器标志添加到“其他链接器标志”。
4. libclang.a列在“复制捆绑资源”中

libclang.a是为ios模拟器编译的：

MBA-Anton:llvm_34_build_i386 asmirnov$ lipo -info ../llvm_34_ios_i386_installed/lib/libclang.a
input file ../llvm_34_ios_i386_installed/lib/libclang.a is not a fat file
Non-fat file: ../llvm_34_ios_i386_installed/lib/libclang.a is architecture: i386

我能够构建项目，但在ios模拟器启动应用程序时出现错误：

dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/libclang.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/asmirnov/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.1/Applications/D87A3FA9-7207-40B4-9EA0-5F06CEF6EF7B/StaticLibraryUsage.app/StaticLibraryUsage
  Reason: image not found

我发现了类似的问题，但似乎我做了推荐的一切。 有什么想法吗？

PS。 我有libclang.dylib文件，但由于我在项目中添加了libclang.a文件，因此我不确定是否确实需要它。

PPS。 我已经编译了libclang.a的armv7版本，并使用lipo使用i386和armv7创建了fat库。 删除i386版本的libclang.a并添加胖版本的libclang.ai后，有多个未解决的i386拱形构建错误引用。

PPPS。 通过添加项目中的所有libLLVM * .a文件，我已经解决了“未解决的引用”错误。 但现在我有原始的“ dyld：未加载库”。

PPPPS：.m编译命令行：

CompileC /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/ASAppDelegate.o StaticLibraryUsage2/ASAppDelegate.m normal i386 objective-c com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0.compiler
    cd /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/iOS_Projects/StaticLibraryUsage2
    export LANG=en_US.US-ASCII
    export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -x objective-c -arch i386 -fmessage-length=0 -fdiagnostics-show-note-include-stack -fmacro-backtrace-limit=0 -std=gnu99 -fobjc-arc -fmodules -fmodules-cache-path=/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -O0 -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-missing-prototypes -Werror=return-type -Wno-implicit-atomic-properties -Werror=deprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=objc-root-class -Wno-receiver-is-weak -Wno-arc-repeated-use-of-weak -Wduplicate-method-match -Wno-missing-braces -Wparentheses -Wswitch -Wunused-function -Wno-unused-label -Wno-unused-parameter -Wunused-variable -Wunused-value -Wempty-body -Wconditional-uninitialized -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-shadow -Wno-four-char-constants -Wno-conversion -Wconstant-conversion -Wint-conversion -Wbool-conversion -Wenum-conversion -Wshorten-64-to-32 -Wpointer-sign -Wno-newline-eof -Wno-selector -Wno-strict-selector-match -Wundeclared-selector -Wno-deprecated-implementations -DDEBUG=1 -DDEBUG=1 -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator7.1.sdk -fexceptions -fasm-blocks -fstrict-aliasing -Wprotocol -Wdeprecated-declarations -g -Wno-sign-conversion -fobjc-abi-version=2 -fobjc-legacy-dispatch -mios-simulator-version-min=7.1 -iquote /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/StaticLibraryUsage2-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/StaticLibraryUsage2-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/StaticLibraryUsage2-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/StaticLibraryUsage2-project-headers.hmap -I/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include -I/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/DerivedSources/i386 -I/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/DerivedSources -F/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -include /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/PrecompiledHeaders/StaticLibraryUsage2-Prefix-baynabgphydhcmapwpcclpqhagrv/StaticLibraryUsage2-Prefix.pch -MMD -MT dependencies -MF /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/ASAppDelegate.d --serialize-diagnostics /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/ASAppDelegate.dia -c /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/iOS_Projects/StaticLibraryUsage2/StaticLibraryUsage2/ASAppDelegate.m -o /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/ASAppDelegate.o

链接命令行：

Ld /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.app/StaticLibraryUsage2 normal i386
    cd /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/iOS_Projects/StaticLibraryUsage2
    export IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=7.1
    export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang -arch i386 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator7.1.sdk -L/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -L/Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/llvm_34_ios_fat_installed -L/Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/iOS_Projects/StaticLibraryUsage2/StaticLibraryUsage2 -L/Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/llvm_34_ios_i386_installed_2/lib -F/Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -filelist /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/StaticLibraryUsage2.LinkFileList -Xlinker -objc_abi_version -Xlinker 2 -ObjC -lstdc++ -fobjc-arc -fobjc-link-runtime -Xlinker -no_implicit_dylibs -mios-simulator-version-min=7.1 -lLLVMRuntimeDyld -lLLVMSystemZAsmParser -lLLVMAArch64CodeGen -lLLVMTarget -lLLVMMCJIT -lLLVMX86Disassembler -lLLVMExecutionEngine -lLLVMPowerPCInfo -lLLVMHexagonAsmPrinter -lLLVMX86Utils -lLLVMPowerPCAsmParser -lclangDriver -lLLVMARMInfo -lLLVMAArch64AsmParser -lLLVMHexagonDesc -lLLVMipa -lclangARCMigrate -lLLVMMipsDesc -lLLVMNVPTXCodeGen -lLLVMBitWriter -lLLVMXCoreDisassembler -lLLVMNVPTXDesc -lLLVMX86CodeGen -lLLVMHexagonInfo -lLLVMSystemZAsmPrinter -lLLVMTableGen -lLLVMSystemZCodeGen -lLLVMInstrumentation -lLLVMAArch64Disassembler -lLLVMX86AsmPrinter -lLLVMCppBackendInfo -lclangBasic -lLLVMCodeGen -lLLVMDebugInfo -lLLVMAArch64Utils -lLLVMNVPTXAsmPrinter -framework CoreGraphics -lLLVMAsmParser -lLLVMSparcCodeGen -lclangFormat -lLLVMXCoreDesc -lLLVMipo -lLLVMObject -lclang -lLLVMX86Desc -lLLVMPowerPCDesc -lLLVMXCoreCodeGen -lLLVMVectorize -lclangAST -lclangSema -lclangTooling -lLLVMIRReader -lLLVMMipsCodeGen -lclangRewriteCore -lLLVMXCoreAsmPrinter -lLLVMMSP430Desc -lLLVMInstCombine -lLLVMAArch64AsmPrinter -lLLVMMCParser -lLLVMR600Info -lLLVMMipsAsmPrinter -lLLVMMipsAsmParser -lLLVMMCDisassembler -lLLVMBitReader -lclangAnalysis -lclangStaticAnalyzerCore -lLLVMMipsDisassembler -lLLVMR600AsmPrinter -lLLVMR600CodeGen -lLLVMAArch64Info -lclangDynamicASTMatchers -lLLVMARMAsmPrinter -lLLVMXCoreInfo -lclangStaticAnalyzerFrontend -lLLVMMipsInfo -lLLVMSelectionDAG -lLLVMTransformUtils -lLLVMSparcInfo -lLLVMR600Desc -lLLVMOption -lLLVMAArch64Desc -lLLVMObjCARCOpts -lLLVMJIT -lclangEdit -lLLVMSystemZDesc -lLLVMARMDesc -lLLVMSparcDesc -lLLVMMC -lLLVMMSP430CodeGen -lLTO -lLLVMHexagonCodeGen -lLLVMMSP430AsmPrinter -framework UIKit -lLLVMAnalysis -lLLVMMSP430Info -lLLVMARMCodeGen -lLLVMARMAsmParser -lclangCodeGen -lLLVMLinker -lLLVMPowerPCCodeGen -lLLVMAsmPrinter -lLLVMX86AsmParser -lLLVMSystemZInfo -framework Foundation -lclangASTMatchers -lLLVMScalarOpts -lLLVMPowerPCAsmPrinter -lLLVMARMDisassembler -lLLVMNVPTXInfo -lclangParse -lclangIndex -lclangStaticAnalyzerCheckers -lclangRewriteFrontend -lLLVMInterpreter -lclangLex -lLLVMCppBackendCodeGen -lLLVMX86Info -lLLVMCore -lLLVMLTO -lclangFrontend -lclangFrontendTool -lLLVMSupport -lLLVMSystemZDisassembler -lclangSerialization -Xlinker -dependency_info -Xlinker /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Intermediates/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.build/Objects-normal/i386/StaticLibraryUsage2_dependency_info.dat -o /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TestProject-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.app/StaticLibraryUsage2

libclang.a添加到可执行命令行：

CpResource /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/llvm_34_ios_i386_installed_2/lib/libclang.a /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/PocketIDE-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.app/libclang.a
    cd /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/iOS_Projects/StaticLibraryUsage2
    export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
    builtin-copy -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -exclude .git -exclude .hg -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/llvm_34_ios_i386_installed_2/lib/libclang.a /Users/asmirnov/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/PocketIDE-axtxqjlvmrcxqsfnvgobybceosvb/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/StaticLibraryUsage2.app

控制器代码以测试libclang：

#import "Index.h"

// ...

// show diagnostics
void showHighlight(CXTranslationUnit TU, const char *src_filename, unsigned filesize)
{
    if (TU)
        NSLog(@"Translation unit valid: %s\n", src_filename);

    CXFile file = clang_getFile(TU, src_filename);

    if (file)
        NSLog(@"file is valid, size = %i\n", filesize);

    unsigned int line, column, offset;

    CXToken *tokens;
    unsigned numTokens;

    // range = all the file
    CXSourceLocation beginning = clang_getLocationForOffset(TU, file, 0);
    CXSourceLocation end = clang_getLocationForOffset(TU, file, filesize);
    CXSourceRange range = clang_getRange(beginning, end);

    clang_tokenize(TU, range, &tokens, &numTokens);

    NSLog(@"%i tokens:\n", numTokens);

    for (int i=0; i<numTokens; i++) {
        CXToken token = tokens[i];

        CXTokenKind kind = clang_getTokenKind(token);
        CXSourceLocation location = clang_getTokenLocation(TU, token);
        clang_getSpellingLocation(location, &file, &line, &column, &offset);
        CXString filename = clang_getFileName(file);
        CXString spelling = clang_getTokenSpelling(TU, token);

        NSLog(@"kind=[%s], [%s %i:%i offset=%i] [%s]\n",
                kinds[kind], clang_getCString(filename), line, column, offset, clang_getCString(spelling));

        clang_disposeString(filename);
        clang_disposeString(spelling);
    }

    clang_disposeTokens(TU, tokens, numTokens);
}

unsigned getfilesize(const char* filename)
{
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
    unsigned sz = ftell(fp);
    fclose(fp);
    return sz;
}
- (void)testClang
{
    NSLog(@"started");

    // get file from bundle
    NSString *ns_filename = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"test_hl" ofType:@"cpp"];
    BOOL fileExists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:ns_filename];
    NSLog(@"file %@ exists: %d", ns_filename, fileExists);

    CXIndex index = clang_createIndex(false, false);

    // command-line tu
    const char *filename = [ns_filename UTF8String];
    const char *argv = { filename };
    int argc = 1;
    CXTranslationUnit commandLineTu = clang_parseTranslationUnit(index, 0, &argv, argc, 0, 0, CXTranslationUnit_None);

    unsigned filesize = getfilesize(filename);
    showHighlight(commandLineTu, filename, filesize);

    clang_disposeTranslationUnit(commandLineTu);
    clang_disposeIndex(index);

    NSLog(@"finished");
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [self testClang];
}

Answer 1

可悲的是，此错误试图告诉您的是lib clang认为其@rpath位于应用程序包的根目录，但事实并非如此。

前几天，我想出了很难的办法。 这个很难（硬。 您必须使用Build Phase设置对libclang.a进行一些疯狂的工作。 在目标的构建阶段中，您将需要添加一些运行脚本阶段。

一个是这样的：

echo "warning: OTOOL BEGIN1";
pwd;
otool -L ${SRCROOT}/Clangwrap/ClangAndLLVM/lib/libclang.dylib;
echo "Warning: OTOOL END1";

这只是做一些事情。 首先，它很好地将事物与日志夹在一起，以查看发生了什么。 第二个问题是，它实际上只是在复制后确认您的lib的路径。 （是的，您应该将其复制到您的项目中以使事情保持理智。）otool可以做到这一点。 SRCROOT是项目的根目录，之后的所有内容都是Finder中项目文件夹中您要使用的lib的相对路径。

再次，这只是确认它是您认为的位置。

好的，下一步。 这才是真正的笨拙。

echo "BEGIN install_name_tool";
install_name_tool -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/libclang.dylib ${SRCROOT}/Clangwrap/ClangAndLLVM/lib/libclang.dylib;
echo "END install_name_tool";

这将运行晦涩的命令行工具install_name_tool，用于设置lib认为它在应用程序包中的路径。 如果不这样做，lib会认为它在另辟path径。 您将将此路径设置为您想要的样子。 在Mac应用程序中，我使用了捆绑包内的Frameworks文件夹，因此将其设置为此类。 install_name_tool的第一个参数是应用包中lib所在的相对路径。 第二个参数是库当前在项目中的位置，以便install_name_tool可以设置其可执行路径。 这实际上会修改lib的一部分，以便可加载。 库必须知道自己的加载路径。

请注意，第一步仅出于您自己的理智考虑是可选的。 第二步是必需的，并且两者都应在“编译源”构建阶段之前进行。 单击并拖动以将其向上移动。

现在是最后一步。 添加一个新的“复制文件”阶段，该阶段将保留在您的构建阶段的最后。 将目标设置为与install_name_tool的第一个参数相同的位置，以便您知道已设置相对路径，并且将在此放置lib。 我使用框架。 现在，将文件添加到此构建阶段，对于iPhone，添加libclang.a（我认为您不能在iOS上使用libclang.dylib）

请注意，您看到我使用libclang.dylib，这是因为我在Mac应用程序项目中执行了此操作。 几乎任何事情都应该是相同的过程。

这不是一个简单或容易发现的过程，我通过几个博客和文档将其拼凑而成。