读取文本文件并从关键字列表中查找某些单词

Question

我是 Python 新手，我正在尝试构建一个脚本，在其中导入包含文本正文的 text_file_1。 我希望脚本读取文本正文，并查找我在名为 (key_words) 的列表中定义的某些单词，该列表包含开头为大写字母 (Nation) 和小写字母 (nation) 的单词。 Python 进行搜索后，它会在名为“单词列表”的新文本文件中垂直输出单词列表，以及该单词在正文中出现的次数。 如果我阅读带有文本正文的 text_file_2 ，它会做同样的事情，但从原始文件添加到单词列表。

例子：

单词列表

文件 1：

God: 5
Nation: 4
creater: 8
USA: 3 

文件2：

God: 10
Nation: 14
creater: 2
USA: 1

这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

from sys import argv
from string import punctuation

script = argv[0] all_filenames = argv[1:]

print "Text file to import and read: " + all_filenames
print "\nReading file...\n"
text_file = open(all_filenames, 'r')
all_lines = text_file.readlines()
#print all_lines
text_file.close()

for all_filenames in argv[1:]:
   print "I get: " + all_filenames

print "\nFile read finished!"
#print "\nYour file contains the following text information:"
#print "\n" + text_file.read()

#~ for word, count in word_freq.items():
    #~ print word, count

keyWords = ['God', 'Nation', 'nation', 'USA', 'Creater', 'creater', 'Country', 'Almighty',
             'country', 'People', 'people', 'Liberty', 'liberty', 'America', 'Independence', 
             'honor', 'brave', 'Freedom', 'freedom', 'Courage', 'courage', 'Proclamation',
             'proclamation', 'United States', 'Emancipation', 'emancipation', 'Constitution',
             'constitution', 'Government', 'Citizens', 'citizens']

for word in keyWords:
    if word in word_freq:
        output_file.write( "%s: %d\n" % (word, word_freq[word]) )

output_file = open("List_of_words.txt", "w")

for word in keyWords:
    if word in word_freq:
        output_file.write( "%s: %d\n" % (word, word_freq[word]) )

output_file.close()

也许以某种方式使用此代码？

import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input('List_of_words.txt', inplace = True):
    if line.startswith('Existing file that was read'):
        #if line starts Existing file that was read then do something here
        print "Existing file that was read"
    elif line.startswith('New file that was read'):
        #if line starts with New file that was read then do something here
        print "New file that was read"
    else:
        print line.strip()

Answer 1

这样你的结果就会出现在屏幕上。

from sys import argv
from collections import Counter
from string import punctuation

script, filename = argv

text_file = open(filename, 'r')

word_freq = Counter([word.strip(punctuation) for line in text_file for word in line.split()])

#~ for word, count in word_freq.items():
    #~ print word, count

key_words = ['God', 'Nation', 'nation', 'USA', 'Creater', 'creater'
             'Country', 'country', 'People', 'people', 'Liberty', 'liberty',
             'honor', 'brave', 'Freedom', 'freedom', 'Courage', 'courage']

for word in key_words:
    if word in word_freq:
        print word, word_freq[word]

现在您必须将其保存在文件中。

更多文件使用

for filename in argv[1:]:
   # do your job

---

编辑：

使用此代码（my_script.py）

for filename in argv[1:]:
   print( "I get", filename )

你可以运行脚本

python my_script.py file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt 

并得到

I get file1.txt 
I get file2.txt 
I get file3.txt 

您可以使用它来计算许多文件中的字数。

——

使用readlines()将所有行读入内存，因此您需要更多内存 - 对于非常非常大的文件，这可能是问题。

在当前版本中Counter()计算所有行中的所有单词 - 测试它 - 但使用更少的内存。
因此，使用readlines()可以获得相同的word_freq但会使用更多内存。

——

writelines(list_of_result)不会在每一行后添加“\\n” - 并且不要在“God：3”中添加“：”

最好使用类似的东西

output_file = open("List_of_words.txt", "w")

for word in key_words:
    if word in word_freq:
        output_file.write( "%s: %d\n" % (word, word_freq[word]) )

output_file.close()

---

编辑：新版本 - 将结果附加到 List_of_words.txt 的末尾

from sys import argv
from string import punctuation
from collections import *

keyWords = ['God', 'Nation', 'nation', 'USA', 'Creater', 'creater', 'Country', 'Almighty',
             'country', 'People', 'people', 'Liberty', 'liberty', 'America', 'Independence', 
             'honor', 'brave', 'Freedom', 'freedom', 'Courage', 'courage', 'Proclamation',
             'proclamation', 'United States', 'Emancipation', 'emancipation', 'Constitution',
             'constitution', 'Government', 'Citizens', 'citizens']


for one_filename in argv[1:]:

    print "Text file to import and read:", one_filename
    print "\nReading file...\n"

    text_file = open(one_filename, 'r')
    all_lines = text_file.readlines()
    text_file.close()

    print "\nFile read finished!"

    word_freq = Counter([word.strip(punctuation) for line in all_lines for word in line.split()])

    print "Append result to the end of file: List_of_words.txt"

    output_file = open("List_of_words.txt", "a")

    for word in keyWords:
        if word in word_freq:
            output_file.write( "%s: %d\n" % (word, word_freq[word]) )

    output_file.close()

---

编辑：将结果总和写入一个文件

from sys import argv
from string import punctuation
from collections import *

keyWords = ['God', 'Nation', 'nation', 'USA', 'Creater', 'creater', 'Country', 'Almighty',
             'country', 'People', 'people', 'Liberty', 'liberty', 'America', 'Independence', 
             'honor', 'brave', 'Freedom', 'freedom', 'Courage', 'courage', 'Proclamation',
             'proclamation', 'United States', 'Emancipation', 'emancipation', 'Constitution',
             'constitution', 'Government', 'Citizens', 'citizens']

word_freq = Counter()

for one_filename in argv[1:]:

    print "Text file to import and read:", one_filename
    print "\nReading file...\n"

    text_file = open(one_filename, 'r')
    all_lines = text_file.readlines()
    text_file.close()

    print "\nFile read finished!"

    word_freq.update( [word.strip(punctuation) for line in all_lines for word in line.split()] )

print "Write sum of results: List_of_words.txt"

output_file = open("List_of_words.txt", "w")

for word in keyWords:
    if word in word_freq:
        output_file.write( "%s: %d\n" % (word, word_freq[word]) )

output_file.close()