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使这个C数组处理代码更加python(甚至numpy)

[英]Making this C array processing code more python (and even numpy)

我试图了解python的惊人列表处理能力(最终是numpy)。 我正在转换我编写的一些C代码到python。

我有一个文本数据文件,其中第一行是标题,然后每个奇数行是我的输入数据,每个偶数行是我的输出数据。 所有数据空间分开。 我很高兴我设法使用嵌套列表推导将所有数据读入列表。 太棒了。

with open('data.txt', 'r') as f:
    # get all lines as a list of strings
    lines = list(f)

    # convert header row to list of ints and get info
    header = map(int, lines[0].split(' '))
    num_samples = header[0]
    input_dim = header[1]
    output_dim = header[2]
    del header    

    # bad ass list comprehensions 
    inputs = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in lines[1::2]]
    outputs = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in lines[2::2]]
    del x, l, lines

然后我想生成一个新列表,其中每个元素都是相应输入 - 输出对的函数。 我无法弄清楚如何使用任何特定于python的优化来做到这一点。 这是C风格的python:

# calculate position
pos_list = [];
pos_y = 0
for i in range(num_samples):
    pantilt = outputs[i];
    target = inputs[i];

    if(pantilt[0] > 90):
        pantilt[0] -=180
        pantilt[1] *= -1
    elif pantilt[0] < -90:
        pantilt[0] += 180
        pantilt[1] *= -1

    tan_pan = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[0]))
    tan_tilt = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[1]))

    pos = [0, pos_y, 0]
    pos[2] = tan_tilt * (target[1] - pos[1]) / math.sqrt(tan_pan * tan_pan + 1)
    pos[0] = pos[2] * tan_pan
    pos[0] += target[0]
    pos[2] += target[2]
    pos_list.append(pos)
del pantilt, target, tan_pan, tan_tilt, pos, pos_y

我尝试用理解或地图来做,但无法弄清楚如何:

  • 为pos_list数组的每个元素绘制两个不同的列表(包括输入和输出)
  • 把算法的主体放在理解中。 它必须是一个单独的功能还是有一种使用lambdas的时髦方式?
  • 甚至可以在没有循环的情况下做到这一点,只需将它固定在numpy并将整个事物矢量化?

一种使用boolean-indexing/mask 矢量化方法 -

import numpy as np

def mask_vectorized(inputs,outputs,pos_y):
    # Create a copy of outputs array for editing purposes
    pantilt_2d = outputs[:,:2].copy()

    # Get mask correspindig to IF conditional statements in original code
    mask_col0_lt = pantilt_2d[:,0]<-90
    mask_col0_gt = pantilt_2d[:,0]>90

    # Edit the first column as per the statements in original code
    pantilt_2d[:,0][mask_col0_gt] -= 180
    pantilt_2d[:,0][mask_col0_lt] += 180

    # Edit the second column as per the statements in original code
    pantilt_2d[ mask_col0_lt | mask_col0_gt,1] *= -1

    # Get vectorized tan_pan and tan_tilt 
    tan_pan_tilt = np.tan(np.radians(pantilt_2d))

    # Vectorized calculation for: "tan_tilt * (target[1] .." from original code 
    V = (tan_pan_tilt[:,1]*(inputs[:,1] - pos_y))/np.sqrt((tan_pan_tilt[:,0]**2)+1)

    # Setup output numpy array
    pos_array_vectorized = np.empty((num_samples,3))

    # Put in values into columns of output array
    pos_array_vectorized[:,0] = inputs[:,0] + tan_pan_tilt[:,0]*V
    pos_array_vectorized[:,1] = pos_y
    pos_array_vectorized[:,2] = inputs[:,2] + V

    # Convert to list, if so desired for the final output
    # (keeping as numpy array could boost up the performance further)
    return pos_array_vectorized.tolist()

运行时测试

In [415]: # Parameters and setup input arrays
     ...: num_samples = 1000
     ...: outputs = np.random.randint(-180,180,(num_samples,5))
     ...: inputs = np.random.rand(num_samples,6)
     ...: pos_y = 3.4
     ...: 

In [416]: %timeit original(inputs,outputs,pos_y)
100 loops, best of 3: 2.44 ms per loop

In [417]: %timeit mask_vectorized(inputs,outputs,pos_y)
10000 loops, best of 3: 181 µs per loop

假设您将文件读入列表,如下所示:

lines = open('data.txt', 'r').readlines()

标题是这样的:

lines[0]

偶数行是:

even = lines[1:][::2] 

奇怪的是:

odd = lines[2:][::2]

现在,您可以使用以下两个列表中的itertools.izip创建列表:

itertools.izip(even, odd)

这是一种类似于列表的东西(你可以循环它,或者只是在它周围写入list( ... )以使其成为一个真正的列表),其每个条目都是一对输入输出数据。

如果有人偶然发现同一个问题,这里有四种基于Ami建议的变化(函数do1,do1b,do2,do3)

对于那些好奇的人来说,这里有基准测试(我有~1000输入输出数据对。可能基本上更多的数据基准会变化更多)

  • %timeit do3() - 100个循环,最佳3:2.72毫秒每个循环
  • %timeit do2() - 100个循环,最佳3:2.73毫秒每个循环
  • %timeit do1b() - 100个循环,最佳3:2.74毫秒每个循环
  • %timeit do1() - 100个循环,最佳3:2.67 ms每个循环

....

def load_file(filename = 'Sharpy_7.txt'):
    global file_data, num_samples, input_dim, output_dim
    with open(filename, 'r') as f:
        # get all lines as a list of strings
        file_data = list(f)  

        # convert header row to list of ints and get info
        header = map(int, file_data[0].split(' '))
        num_samples = header[0]
        input_dim = header[1]
        output_dim = header[2]
        f.close()


def calc_pos2(d):
    target = d[0]
    pantilt = d[1]

    if(pantilt[0] > 90):
        pantilt[0] -=180
        pantilt[1] *= -1
    elif pantilt[0] < -90:
        pantilt[0] += 180
        pantilt[1] *= -1

    tan_pan = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[0]))
    tan_tilt = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[1]))

    pos = [0, 0, 0]
    pos[2] = tan_tilt * (target[1] - pos[1]) / math.sqrt(tan_pan * tan_pan + 1)
    pos[0] = pos[2] * tan_pan
    pos[0] += target[0]
    pos[2] += target[2]
    return pos


def calc_pos(target, pantilt):
    if(pantilt[0] > 90):
        pantilt[0] -=180
        pantilt[1] *= -1
    elif pantilt[0] < -90:
        pantilt[0] += 180
        pantilt[1] *= -1

    tan_pan = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[0]))
    tan_tilt = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[1]))

    pos = [0, 0, 0]
    pos[2] = tan_tilt * (target[1] - pos[1]) / math.sqrt(tan_pan * tan_pan + 1)
    pos[0] = pos[2] * tan_pan
    pos[0] += target[0]
    pos[2] += target[2]
    return pos


def calc_stats():
    global pos_array, pos_avg, pos_std       
    pos_array = np.asarray(pos_list)
    pos_avg = np.mean(pos_array, 0)
    pos_std = np.std(pos_array, 0)


# map on itertools.izip
def do3():
    global pos_list

    # bad ass list comprehensions 
    target_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[1::2]]
    pantilt_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[2::2]]

    # calculate position
    pos_list = map(calc_pos2, itertools.izip(target_list, pantilt_list))


# list comprehension on itertools.izip
def do2():
    global pos_list

    # bad ass list comprehensions 
    target_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[1::2]]
    pantilt_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[2::2]]

    # calculate position
    pos_list = [calc_pos(d[0], d[1]) for d in itertools.izip(target_list, pantilt_list)]


# for loop with function call
def do1b():
    global pos_list

    # bad ass list comprehensions 
    target_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[1::2]]
    pantilt_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[2::2]]

    # calculate position
    pos_list = [];
    for i in range(num_samples):
        pos_list.append(calc_pos(target_list[i], pantilt_list[i]))


# for loop with unrolled algorithm
def do1():
    global pos_list

    # bad ass list comprehensions 
    target_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[1::2]]
    pantilt_list = [[float(x) for x in l.split()] for l in file_data[2::2]]

    # calculate position
    pos_list = [];
    for i in range(num_samples):
        pantilt = pantilt_list[i];
        target = target_list[i];

        if(pantilt[0] > 90):
            pantilt[0] -=180
            pantilt[1] *= -1
        elif pantilt[0] < -90:
            pantilt[0] += 180
            pantilt[1] *= -1

        tan_pan = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[0]))
        tan_tilt = math.tan(math.radians(pantilt[1]))

        pos = [0, 0, 0]
        pos[2] = tan_tilt * (target[1] - pos[1]) / math.sqrt(tan_pan * tan_pan + 1)
        pos[0] = pos[2] * tan_pan
        pos[0] += target[0]
        pos[2] += target[2]
        pos_list.append(pos)

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