尝试在DirectX11中渲染三角形后Windows冻结

Question

我是DirectX编程的新手，所以我开始在线学习dx11的一些教程。 我可以初始化win32窗口和directx11，但是当我尝试绘制三角形窗口时，它冻结了我的电脑，因此我必须重新启动它。 我一直在寻找解决方案，但没有任何帮助。

这是我的WinMain代码：

#include "DXApp.h"
#include<DirectXMath.h>


class App : public DXApp {
public:
App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
~App();

bool Init() override;
void Update(float dt) override;
void Render(float dt) override;

};

int WINAPI WinMain(__in HINSTANCE hInstance, __in_opt HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, __in LPSTR lpCmdLine, __in int nShowCmd) {
App app(hInstance);

if (!app.Init()) return 1;

return app.Run();
}

App::App(HINSTANCE hInstance) : DXApp(hInstance)
{
}

App::~App()
{
}

bool App::Init()
{
return DXApp::Init();
}

void App::Update(float dt)
{
}

    void App::Render(float dt)
{
    immediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, DirectX::Colors::CornflowerBlue);
    immediateContext->Draw(3, 0);
    swapChain->Present(0, 0);
}

And my app header and cpp: DXApp.h: #pragma once #include<Windows.h> #include<string> #include"DXUtil.h" #include<d3dcompiler.h> #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib") #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN class DXApp { public: DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance); void cleanUp(); virtual ~DXApp(void); //MAIN APPLICATION LOOP int Run(); //FRAMEWORK METHODS virtual bool Init(); virtual void Update(float dt) = 0; virtual void Render(float dt) = 0; virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); protected: HWND hAppWnd; HINSTANCE hAppInstance; unsigned int ClientWidth; unsigned int ClientHeight; std::string AppTitle; DWORD WindStyle; //DIRECTX ATTRIBUTES ID3D11Device* device; ID3D11DeviceContext* immediateContext; IDXGISwapChain* swapChain; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverType; D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel; D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer; ID3D11PixelShader* pixelShader; ID3D11VertexShader* vertexShader; ID3D10Blob* VSBuffer; ID3D10Blob* PSBuffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; protected: //INITIALZE WIN32 WINDOW bool windowInit(); //INITIALIZE DIRECTX bool direct3dInit(); }; DXApp.cpp:

And my app header and cpp: DXApp.h: #pragma once #include<Windows.h> #include<string> #include"DXUtil.h" #include<d3dcompiler.h> #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib") #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN class DXApp { public: DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance); void cleanUp(); virtual ~DXApp(void); //MAIN APPLICATION LOOP int Run(); //FRAMEWORK METHODS virtual bool Init(); virtual void Update(float dt) = 0; virtual void Render(float dt) = 0; virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); protected: HWND hAppWnd; HINSTANCE hAppInstance; unsigned int ClientWidth; unsigned int ClientHeight; std::string AppTitle; DWORD WindStyle; //DIRECTX ATTRIBUTES ID3D11Device* device; ID3D11DeviceContext* immediateContext; IDXGISwapChain* swapChain; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverType; D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel; D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer; ID3D11PixelShader* pixelShader; ID3D11VertexShader* vertexShader; ID3D10Blob* VSBuffer; ID3D10Blob* PSBuffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; protected: //INITIALZE WIN32 WINDOW bool windowInit(); //INITIALIZE DIRECTX bool direct3dInit(); }; DXApp.cpp:

 And my app header and cpp: DXApp.h: #pragma once #include<Windows.h> #include<string> #include"DXUtil.h" #include<d3dcompiler.h> #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib") #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN class DXApp { public: DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance); void cleanUp(); virtual ~DXApp(void); //MAIN APPLICATION LOOP int Run(); //FRAMEWORK METHODS virtual bool Init(); virtual void Update(float dt) = 0; virtual void Render(float dt) = 0; virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); protected: HWND hAppWnd; HINSTANCE hAppInstance; unsigned int ClientWidth; unsigned int ClientHeight; std::string AppTitle; DWORD WindStyle; //DIRECTX ATTRIBUTES ID3D11Device* device; ID3D11DeviceContext* immediateContext; IDXGISwapChain* swapChain; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverType; D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel; D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer; ID3D11PixelShader* pixelShader; ID3D11VertexShader* vertexShader; ID3D10Blob* VSBuffer; ID3D10Blob* PSBuffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; protected: //INITIALZE WIN32 WINDOW bool windowInit(); //INITIALIZE DIRECTX bool direct3dInit(); }; DXApp.cpp: 

And my app header and cpp: DXApp.h: #pragma once #include<Windows.h> #include<string> #include"DXUtil.h" #include<d3dcompiler.h> #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib") #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN class DXApp { public: DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance); void cleanUp(); virtual ~DXApp(void); //MAIN APPLICATION LOOP int Run(); //FRAMEWORK METHODS virtual bool Init(); virtual void Update(float dt) = 0; virtual void Render(float dt) = 0; virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); protected: HWND hAppWnd; HINSTANCE hAppInstance; unsigned int ClientWidth; unsigned int ClientHeight; std::string AppTitle; DWORD WindStyle; //DIRECTX ATTRIBUTES ID3D11Device* device; ID3D11DeviceContext* immediateContext; IDXGISwapChain* swapChain; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverType; D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel; D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer; ID3D11PixelShader* pixelShader; ID3D11VertexShader* vertexShader; ID3D10Blob* VSBuffer; ID3D10Blob* PSBuffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; protected: //INITIALZE WIN32 WINDOW bool windowInit(); //INITIALIZE DIRECTX bool direct3dInit(); }; DXApp.cpp:

 #include "DXApp.h" namespace { DXApp * g_pApp = nullptr; } LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { if (g_pApp) return g_pApp->MsgProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); else return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } //VERTEX struct Vertex { Vertex() {} Vertex(float x, float y, float z) : pos(x, y, z) {} DirectX::XMFLOAT3 pos; }; D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }, }; unsigned int numLayoutElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout); DXApp::DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance) { hAppInstance = hInstance; hAppWnd = NULL; ClientWidth = 1280; ClientHeight = 720; AppTitle = "DirectX11 Engine"; WindStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; g_pApp = this; //DIRECTX device = nullptr; swapChain = nullptr; immediateContext = nullptr; renderTargetView = nullptr; vertexShader = nullptr; pixelShader = nullptr; triangleVertBuffer = nullptr; VSBuffer = nullptr; PSBuffer = nullptr; vertLayout = nullptr; } void DXApp::cleanUp() { if (immediateContext) immediateContext->ClearState(); Memory::SafeRelease(renderTargetView); Memory::SafeRelease(immediateContext); Memory::SafeRelease(swapChain); Memory::SafeRelease(device); Memory::SafeRelease(vertLayout); Memory::SafeRelease(PSBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(VSBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(triangleVertBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(pixelShader); Memory::SafeRelease(vertexShader); } DXApp::~DXApp() { //DIRECTX CLEANUP if (immediateContext) immediateContext->ClearState(); Memory::SafeRelease(renderTargetView); Memory::SafeRelease(immediateContext); Memory::SafeRelease(swapChain); Memory::SafeRelease(device); Memory::SafeRelease(vertLayout); Memory::SafeRelease(PSBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(VSBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(triangleVertBuffer); Memory::SafeRelease(pixelShader); Memory::SafeRelease(vertexShader); } int DXApp::Run() { MSG msg = { 0 }; while (WM_QUIT != msg.message) { if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else { Update(0.0f); Render(0.0f); } } return static_cast<int>(msg.wParam); } bool DXApp::Init() { if (!windowInit()) { return false; } if (!direct3dInit()) { return false; } return true; } bool DXApp::windowInit() { WNDCLASSEX wcex; ZeroMemory(&wcex, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)); wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.hInstance = hAppInstance; wcex.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH); wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL; wcex.lpszClassName = "DXAPPWNDCLASS"; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) { OutputDebugString("\\nFAILED TO CREATE WINDOW CLASS!!\\n"); return false; } RECT r = { 0, 0, ClientWidth, ClientHeight }; AdjustWindowRect(&r, WindStyle, false); unsigned int width = r.right - r.left; unsigned int height = r.bottom - r.top; unsigned int x = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) / 2 - width / 2; unsigned int y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) / 2 - height / 2; hAppWnd = CreateWindow("DXAPPWNDCLASS", AppTitle.c_str(), WindStyle, x, y, width, height, NULL, NULL, hAppInstance, NULL); if (!hAppWnd) { OutputDebugString("\\nFAILED TO CREATE WINDOW!!\\n"); return false; } ShowWindow(hAppWnd, SW_SHOW); return true; } //DIRECTX INITIALIZATION bool DXApp::direct3dInit() { unsigned int createDeviceFlags = 0; #ifdef DEBUG createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG; #endif // DEBUG D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] = { D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE }; unsigned int numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE(driverTypes); D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] = { D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 }; unsigned int numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels); DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); swapDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width = ClientWidth; swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height = ClientHeight; swapDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapDesc.OutputWindow = hAppWnd; swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; swapDesc.Windowed = true; swapDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; swapDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; swapDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH; HRESULT result; for (int i = 0; i < numDriverTypes; ++i) { result = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, driverTypes[i], NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapDesc, &swapChain, &device, &featureLevel, &immediateContext); if (SUCCEEDED(result)) { driverType = driverTypes[i]; break; } if (FAILED(result)) { OutputDebugString("FAILED TO CREATE DX11 DEVICE!!"); return false; } } //RENDER TARGET VIEW ID3D11Texture2D* backBufferTex = 0; swapChain->GetBuffer(NULL, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&backBufferTex)); device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBufferTex, nullptr, &renderTargetView); //BIND RENDER TARGET VIEW immediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, nullptr); //COMPILE SHADERS FROM FILE result = D3DCompileFromFile(L"VertexShader.hlsl", 0, 0, "vertexShader", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, &VSBuffer, &VSBuffer); result = D3DCompileFromFile(L"PixelShader.hlsl", 0, 0, "pixelShader", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, &PSBuffer, &PSBuffer); //CREATE SHADER OBJECTS result = device->CreateVertexShader(VSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), VSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), 0, &vertexShader); result = device->CreatePixelShader(PSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), PSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), 0, &pixelShader); //SET SHADERS immediateContext->VSSetShader(vertexShader, 0, 0); immediateContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader, 0, 0); //CREATE VERTEX BUFFER Vertex v[] = { Vertex(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f), Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f), Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f), }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 3; vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData)); vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v; result = device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer); //SET VERTEX BUFFER unsigned int stride = sizeof(Vertex); unsigned int offset = 0; immediateContext->IAGetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset); //CREATE INPUT LAYOUT device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numLayoutElements, VSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), VSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout); //SET INPUT LAYOUT immediateContext->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout); //SET PRIMITIVE TOPOLOGY immediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); //VIEWPORT CREATION ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT)); viewport.Width = static_cast<float>(ClientWidth); viewport.Height = static_cast<float>(ClientHeight); viewport.TopLeftX = 0; viewport.TopLeftY = 0; viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f; viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f; //SET VIEWPORT immediateContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); return true; } //MESSAGES LRESULT DXApp::MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } } 

谢谢你的帮助。

Answer 1

调试Direct3D程序的第一步是：

（1） 确保正确检查所有HRESULT值。 您的代码中有很多地方都无法检查结果。 如果Direct3D函数返回空值，则可以忽略错误检查。 否则，您需要使用SUCCEEDED ， FAILED或类似ThrowIfFailed的东西。 这本质上是因为继续超越故障将使调试问题的真正原因变得非常困难。

（2） 启用Direct3D调试设备并查找输出。 您似乎在调试版本中就有了。 您在调试窗口中看到任何输出了吗？

程序“挂起”系统是非常不寻常的，但是如果驱动程序错误或硬件故障，则有可能发生。 但是，如果没有更多详细信息，由于程序开始时会出错，因此很难诊断。