在python中安装mplot3d进行3D绘图时出错

Question

我正在尝试在python中构建3d表面图。 根据我的阅读，这是标准软件包：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

但是，我收到以下错误：

ImportError: No module named mpl_toolkits.mplot3d

这是我在尝试安装软件包时收到的错误消息：

Myname-MacBook-Pro:ex1 myname$ sudo pip install --upgrade matplotlib
The directory '/Users/ryansullivan/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/ryansullivan/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting matplotlib
  Downloading matplotlib-2.0.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (12.8MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 12.8MB 101kB/s 
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=1.5.6 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading pyparsing-2.1.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 4.6MB/s 
Collecting numpy>=1.7.1 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading numpy-1.12.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.4MB 289kB/s 
Collecting functools32 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading functools32-3.2.3-2.zip
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib)
  Downloading pytz-2016.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (483kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 1.4MB/s 
Collecting six>=1.10 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting subprocess32 (from matplotlib)
  Downloading subprocess32-3.2.7.tar.gz (54kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.7MB/s 
Collecting python-dateutil (from matplotlib)
  Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 194kB 2.2MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, numpy, functools32, pytz, six, cycler, subprocess32, python-dateutil, matplotlib
  Found existing installation: pyparsing 2.0.1
    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (pyparsing) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
    Uninstalling pyparsing-2.0.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 778, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
    copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
    copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-YwsZp1-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/pyparsing-2.0.1-py2.7.egg-info'

关于我在做什么错或如何避免此错误的任何想法，以便我可以安装mplot3d？

非常感谢。

Answer 1

我从El Capitan将MacOS更新到Sierra之后，这个问题发生了。

sudo pip install -U matplotlib

解决了我的问题。