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Python +处理中的图像分割

[英]Image segmentation in Python + Processing

我在尝试运行此图像分割代码时遇到了困难。
我的想法是拍摄像这样的图像:

http://imgur.com/a/AmcKq

并提取所有黑色的波浪形并将每个波浪形保存为自己的图像。
似乎代码正在运行,但是由于某种原因它没有对我的图像进行分段。
我收到的错误是:( ('segments detected:', 0)

这是我使用的代码:

import os, sys  
import numpy as np  
from scipy import ndimage as ndi  
from scipy.misc import imsave  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  

from skimage.filters import sobel, threshold_local  
from skimage.morphology import watershed  
from skimage import io  


def open_image(name):  
    filename = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), name)  
    return io.imread(filename, as_grey=True)  


def adaptive_threshold(image):  
    print(type(image))  
    print(image)  
    block_size = 41  
    binary_adaptive = threshold_local(image, block_size, offset=10)  
    binary_adaptive = np.asarray(binary_adaptive, dtype=int)  
    return np.invert(binary_adaptive) * 1.  


def segmentize(image):  
    # make segmentation using edge-detection and watershed  
    edges = sobel(image)  
    markers = np.zeros_like(image)  
    foreground, background = 1, 2  
    markers[image == 0] = background  
    markers[image == 1] = foreground  

    ws = watershed(edges, markers)  

    return ndi.label(ws == foreground)  


def find_segment(segments, index):  
    segment = np.where(segments == index)  
    shape = segments.shape  

    minx, maxx = max(segment[0].min() - 1, 0), min(segment[0].max() + 1, shape[0])  
    miny, maxy = max(segment[1].min() - 1, 0), min(segment[1].max() + 1, shape[1])  

    im = segments[minx:maxx, miny:maxy] == index  

    return (np.sum(im), np.invert(im))  


def run(f):  
    print('Processing:', f)  

    image = open_image(f)  
    processed = adaptive_threshold(image)  
    segments = segmentize(processed)  

    print('Segments detected:', segments[1])  

    seg = []  
    for s in range(1, segments[1]):  
        seg.append(find_segment(segments[0], s))  

    seg.sort(key=lambda s: -s[0])    

    for i in range(len(seg)):  
        imsave('segments/' + f + '_' + str(i) + '.png', seg[i][1])  

folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'segments')  
os.path.isfile(folder) and os.remove(folder)  
os.path.isdir(folder) or os.mkdir(folder)  
for f in sys.argv[1:]:  
    run(f)  

我还要提到,我正在Processing 3.3.5中运行此Python脚本,并将其用作我的草图文件:

import deadpixel.command.Command;  

static final String BASH =  
  platform == WINDOWS? "cmd /C " :  
  platform == MACOSX? "open" : "xdg-open";  

static final String CD = "cd ", PY_APP = "python ";  
static final String AMP = " && ", SPC = " ";  

static final String PY_DIR = "scripts/";  
//static final String PY_FILE = PY_DIR + "abc.py";  
static final String PY_FILE = PY_DIR + "segmenting.py";  

static final String PICS_DIR = "images/";  
static final String PICS_EXTS = "extensions=,png,jpg,jpeg,gif";  

void setup() {  
  final String dp = dataPath(""), py = dataPath(PY_FILE);  
  final String prompt = BASH + CD + dp + AMP + PY_APP + py;  

  final String pd = dataPath(PICS_DIR);  
  final String pics = join(listPaths(pd, PICS_EXTS), SPC);  

  final Command cmd = new Command(prompt + SPC + pics);  
  println(cmd.command, ENTER);  

  println("Successs:", cmd.run(), ENTER);  
  printArray(cmd.getOutput());  

  exit();  
}   

这在处理中的新选项卡中:
https://github.com/GoToLoop/command/blob/patch-1/src/deadpixel/command/Command.java

快速调查发现了问题所在:此功能在这里

def adaptive_threshold(image):  
    print(type(image))  
    print(image)  
    block_size = 41  
    binary_adaptive = threshold_local(image, block_size, offset=10)  
    binary_adaptive = np.asarray(binary_adaptive, dtype=int)  
    return np.invert(binary_adaptive) * 1. 

应该通过自适应阈值创建图像的蒙版-但这是(非常)错误的。

主要原因似乎是对threshold_local工作方式有误解:此代码希望它返回输入图像的二进制分割版本,而实际上返回threshold image ,请参见此处的说明。

但是,这不是唯一的问题。 对于示例中的图像, offset=10会降低threshold_local产生的threshold_local过大,因此整个图像将高于阈值。

这是该功能的有效版本:

def adaptive_threshold(image):

    # Create threshold image
    # Offset is not desirable for these images
    block_size = 41 
    threshold_img = threshold_local(image, block_size)

    # Binarize the image with the threshold image
    binary_adaptive = image < threshold_img

    # Convert the mask (which has dtype bool) to dtype int
    # This is required for the code in `segmentize` (below) to work
    binary_adaptive = binary_adaptive.astype(int)   

    # Return the binarized image
    return binary_adaptive

如果代码是使用此函数运行的(使用python;就我所知,此问题与处理无关),它将返回Segments detected: 108 ,并产生很好的细分:

plt.imshow(segments[0],interpolation='none')
plt.show()

在此处输入图片说明


旁注:基于您对问题的措辞,我是否正确地假设您自己没有编写此代码,并且您在该领域的专业知识可能有限?

如果是这样,您可能有兴趣了解更多有关基于python的图像处理和分割的信息。 我最近在这个主题上做了一个简短的课程,其中包括一个完全不言自明的关于管道的动手教程,与您在此使用的类似。 这些材料可公开访问,因此可以随时查看。


编辑:

根据您的评论,这里是一个解决方案,应允许程序以完整路径作为输入运行。

首先,删除所有这些:

folder = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'segments')  
os.path.isfile(folder) and os.remove(folder)  
os.path.isdir(folder) or os.mkdir(folder)  

因此只有这样:

for f in sys.argv[1:]:  
    run(f)

接下来,替换为:

    for i in range(len(seg)):  
        imsave('segments/' + f + '_' + str(i) + '.png', seg[i][1])  

这样:

    # Get the directory name (if a full path is given)
    folder = os.path.dirname(f)

    # Get the file name
    filenm = os.path.basename(f)

    # If it doesn't already exist, create a new dir "segments" 
    # to save the PNGs
    segments_folder = os.path.join(folder,"segments")
    os.path.isdir(segments_folder) or os.mkdir(segments_folder)

    # Save the segments to the "segments" directory
    for i in range(len(seg)):
        imsave(os.path.join(segments_folder, filenm + '_' + str(i) + '.png'), seg[i][1]) 

该解决方案可以处理仅文件输入(例如'test.png' )和路径输入(例如'C:\\Users\\Me\\etc\\test.png' )。


编辑2:

为了透明scipy.misc.imsave ,如果将数组另存为RGBA(MxNx4),则scipy.misc.imsave允许使用alpha图层,请参见此处

取代这个

        imsave(os.path.join(segments_folder, filenm + '_' + str(i) + '.png'), seg[i][1]) 

这样

        # Create an MxNx4 array (RGBA)
        seg_rgba = np.zeros((seg[i][1].shape[0],seg[i][1].shape[1],4),dtype=np.bool)

        # Fill R, G and B with copies of the image
        for c in range(3):
            seg_rgba[:,:,c] = seg[i][1]

        # For A (alpha), use the invert of the image (so background is 0=transparent)
        seg_rgba[:,:,3] = ~seg[i][1]

        # Save image
        imsave(os.path.join(segments_folder, filenm + '_' + str(i) + '.png'), seg_rgba) 

编辑3:

要将每个分段图像的单独子文件夹保存到其他目标文件夹中,请执行以下操作:

代替这条线

    folder = os.path.dirname(f)

您可以指定目标文件夹,例如

    folder = r'C:\Users\Dude\Desktop'

(请注意, r'...'格式会产生原始字符串文字 。)

接下来,替换这个

    segments_folder = os.path.join(folder,"segments")

这样

    segments_folder = os.path.join(folder,filenm[:-4]+"_segments")

并要特别干净

        imsave(os.path.join(segments_folder, filenm + '_' + str(i) + '.png'), seg_rgba) 

这样

        imsave(os.path.join(segments_folder, filenm[:-4] + '_' + str(i) + '.png'), seg_rgba) 

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