[英]Rails server and Rails console crash with: require': cannot load such file -- rack/protection (LoadError)
不确定为什么或如何开始发生这种情况，但突然间我在本地环境中运行良好的应用程序不再工作。
我的本地开发环境是：MacOS Sierra 10.12.5
应用程序用途：
每当我运行 rails s 或 rails c 时，应用程序都会立即启动并崩溃，并显示以下输出：
➜ pwf-site git:(master) ✗ rails c
Traceback (most recent call last):
67: from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
66: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
65: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
64: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
63: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
62: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
61: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
60: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
59: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
58: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
57: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
56: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command/base.rb:65:in `perform'
55: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
54: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
53: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
52: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/commands/console/console_command.rb:95:in `perform'
51: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:18:in `require_application_and_environment!'
50: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:337:in `require_environment!'
49: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
48: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
47: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
46: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
45: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
44: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
43: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
42: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
41: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
40: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:361:in `initialize!'
39: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
38: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
37: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
36: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
35: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
34: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
33: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
32: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
31: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
30: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
29: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
28: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
27: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
26: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:130:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
25: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:10:in `execute'
24: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:83:in `execute'
23: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:30:in `block in updater'
22: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:20:in `reload!'
21: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `load_paths'
20: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `each'
19: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `block in load_paths'
18: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `load'
17: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
16: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `block in load'
15: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:50:in `load'
14: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:50:in `load'
13: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/config/routes.rb:1:in `<main>'
12: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
11: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
10: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
9: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
8: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
7: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
6: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
5: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
4: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/sidekiq-5.2.5/lib/sidekiq/web.rb:13:in `<main>'
3: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
2: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
1: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
/Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:32:in `require': cannot load such file -- rack/protection (LoadError)
机架保护gem 是Sinatra 的一部分，所以我尝试将sinatra添加到 Gemfile 以及进行正常的 gem 安装，但看起来这是一个红鲱鱼。
以下是我以各种组合和顺序尝试过的东西，没有任何接缝可以工作
有一些类似的问题表明问题出在 bootsnap gem 上，但事实证明是红鲱鱼移除了 gem 并且在 boot.rb 文件中禁用 bootsnap 并没有解决问题。
最后，除了修复 sqlite3 版本问题之外，我还可以创建一个新的 Rails 应用程序，我可以毫无问题地运行服务器和控制台。
这让我相信问题一定是导致问题的一些 gem 依赖关系搞砸了。
这是一个完全令人头疼的问题。
这是我的 Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
ruby "2.5.0"
gem 'rails', '5.2.2'
gem 'bootsnap'
gem 'devise'
gem "simple_form"
gem 'simple_enum', git: 'git://github.com/lwe/simple_enum.git'
gem 'kaminari'
gem 'activerecord-import'
gem 'font-awesome-sass', '~> 5.2.0'
gem 'pg'
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
gem 'activeadmin'
gem 'activeadmin_blaze_theme'
gem 'inherited_resources'
gem 'stripe'
gem "aws-sdk-s3", require: false
gem "image_processing", "~> 1.2"
gem "prawn"#, :git => "git://github.com/prawnpdf/prawn.git"
gem 'prawn-table' #, '~> 0.1.0'
gem "bootstrap", ">= 4.3.1"
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem "chosen-rails"
gem 'rails-observers'
gem 'combine_pdf'
gem 'figaro'
gem 'exception_handler'
gem "chartkick"
gem 'activeadmin_medium_editor', git: "git://github.com/hraynaud/activeadmin_medium_editor.git"
gem 'sidekiq'
group :development, :test do
gem "better_errors"
gem "hirb"
gem 'rspec'
gem "rspec-rails"
gem 'factory_bot'
gem "factory_bot_rails"
gem "faker"
gem "populator"
gem "pry"
gem "pry-nav"
gem "fakeweb", git: "https://github.com/chrisk/fakeweb.git"
gem "letter_opener"
end
group :test do
gem 'capybara'
gem "guard-rspec"
gem "rspec-activemodel-mocks"
gem "database_cleaner"
gem "launchy"
gem 'simplecov', :require => false
gem 'selenium-webdriver'
gem 'chromedriver-helper'
end
我有一个类似的问题，这个解决方案解决了。
使用 rbenv 将 ruby 版本从 2.3.4 升级到 2.5.1。 安装 bundler 1.17.3，运行bundle install 。 一切都安装正确，但由于 bootsnap 缓存，我的 rails 控制台一直使用旧的 gems 集，不会加载新安装的 gems。
Rails c 成功启动，但调用require {gem_name}导致路径丢失错误（如下）。 Bundler 路径、gem env、gem 列表等，其他一切都是正确的。
[5] pry(main)> require 'simple_enum'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- simple_enum
from /Users/max/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.0/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:32:in `require'
最后清除 tmp/cache 文件夹，捆绑更新的引导程序，一切正常！
当然，经过几乎一整天的尝试并最终发布到 SO。 我在 SO 帖子发布 5 分钟后找到了解决方案。
我没有尝试的一件事是移动线：
gem bootsnap
稍后在 Gemfile 下所有默认 gems 但在开发和测试组之前。 这样做之后，rails server 和 rails console 突然又开始工作了。
奇怪的是，我想验证这确实是问题所在，所以我取消了更改，删除了tmp/cache 中的 bootsnap缓存，删除了我的 vendor/bundle 目录并重新执行了bundle install并且它工作得很好。 即使它已经坏了将近2天。 就好像暂时将 bootsnap 向下移动到其他 gem 下方以某种方式使卡住的东西脱开一样。 奇怪的是，即使从我的应用程序中完全删除 bootsnap 也不能让它再次工作，但只是暂时将它移动到 Gemfile 的底部附近就成功了？
所以我比以往任何时候都更加困惑，但至少它再次起作用了。
在卸载我的ruby 2.6.6并使用rbenv重新安装后，我遇到了类似的问题。 运行bundle rails console后不起作用。
/Users/jmschp/.rbenv/versions/2.6.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.7.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:23:in `require': cannot load such file -- /Users/jmschp/.rbenv/versions/2.6.6/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/e2mmap-0.1.0/lib/e2mmap.rb (LoadError)
为我解决问题的是运行rails tmp:clear 。
Rails服务器正常工作，Rails控制台无效。 `require'：无法加载此类文件-捆绑程序/安装程序（LoadError）-
[英]Rails server works, Rails console does not. `require': cannot load such file — bundler/setup (LoadError) -
Rails 控制台：在“require”中：无法加载此类文件 — readline (LoadError)
[英]Rails console: in `require': cannot load such file — readline (LoadError)
Docker编译失败并显示“ require”：无法加载此类文件-机架/处理器/导轨（LoadError）
[英]Docker compose up fails with `require': cannot load such file — rack/handler/rails (LoadError)
rails服务器抛出`require'：无法加载这样的文件 - bigdecimal / util（LoadError）
[英]rails server throws `require': cannot load such file — bigdecimal/util (LoadError)
`require'：无法加载此类文件-rails / all（LoadError）
[英]`require': cannot load such file — rails/all (LoadError)
Rails Rspec `require': 无法加载此类文件 -- rails_helper (LoadError)
[英]Rails Rspec `require': cannot load such file -- rails_helper (LoadError)
require': 无法加载此类文件 -- mysql2/mysql2 (LoadError) rails 4
[英]require': cannot load such file -- mysql2/mysql2 (LoadError) rails 4
Ruby on Rails：错误“require”：无法加载此类文件——bundler/setup (LoadError)
[英]Ruby on Rails: Error `require': cannot load such file -- bundler/setup (LoadError)
'require': 无法加载此类文件 -- 运行 `rails server` 时出现 'nokogiri\\nokogiri' (LoadError)
[英]'require': cannot load such file -- 'nokogiri\nokogiri' (LoadError) when running `rails server`
无法运行rails服务器：`require'：无法加载此类文件--net / ssh（LoadError）
[英]Unable to run rails server: `require': cannot load such file — net/ssh (LoadError)
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