如何在3D曲面图中绘制x，y，z的Numpy数组？

Question

我已经回顾了这两个 线程 ，但是仍在努力从x, y, z坐标的numpy数组制作3D表面图。

我的数组如下所示：

>>> points
array([[ 322697.1875    , 3663966.5       ,  -30000.        ],
       [ 325054.34375   , 3663966.5       ,  -30000.        ],
       [ 325054.34375   , 3665679.5       ,  -30000.        ],
       [ 322697.1875    , 3665679.5       ,  -30000.        ],
       [ 322697.1875    , 3663966.5       ,  -27703.12304688],
       [ 325054.34375   , 3663966.5       ,  -27703.15429688],
       [ 325054.34375   , 3665679.5       ,  -27703.70703125],
       [ 322697.1875    , 3665679.5       ,  -27703.67382812]])

ax.plot_surface接受x, y, z点，因此我将上面的数组转换为下面的单独部分：

x = points[:, 0]
y = points[:, 1]
z = points[:, 2]

然后，将其放入网状网格中，以传递到ax.plot_surface() ：

import numpy as np

X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x, y, z)

然后尝试绘制：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16,10))
ax = plt.axes(projection = '3d')
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, alpha=0.5)
plt.show()

当我运行它时，我收到一个错误： rows, cols = Z.shape ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2) 。

我不知道现在该去哪里，我不希望得到答案，但是朝正确方向前进将是巨大的。

我希望输出在外观上与此类似，但有我的数据：

更新：如果我不在meshgrid包含z ，而仅包含x和y ，则在运行ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z, alpha=0.5)时得到以下输出：

这确实很近，但是我希望所有侧面都被填充。只有一个侧面显示为填充。我添加了点坐标来显示边界。 我觉得这与我正在创建的meshgrid有关。 这是X, Y的输出：

>>> X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
(array([[322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ,
        322697.1875 , 325054.34375, 325054.34375, 322697.1875 ]]), array([[3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5,
        3663966.5, 3663966.5],
       [3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5,
        3663966.5, 3663966.5],
       [3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5,
        3665679.5, 3665679.5],
       [3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5,
        3665679.5, 3665679.5],
       [3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5,
        3663966.5, 3663966.5],
       [3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5, 3663966.5,
        3663966.5, 3663966.5],
       [3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5,
        3665679.5, 3665679.5],
       [3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5, 3665679.5,
        3665679.5, 3665679.5]]))

如果仅取x，y唯一值，则会抛出错误：

x = np.unique(x)
y = np.unique(y)

>>> x
array([322697.1875 , 325054.34375])
>>> y
array([3663966.5, 3665679.5])

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
>>> X, Y
(array([[322697.1875 , 325054.34375],
       [322697.1875 , 325054.34375]]), array([[3663966.5, 3663966.5],
       [3665679.5, 3665679.5]]))

>>> ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z, alpha=0.5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#61>", line 1, in <module>
    ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z, alpha=0.5)
  File "/Users/NaN/anaconda/envs/py36/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py", line 1586, in plot_surface
    X, Y, Z = np.broadcast_arrays(X, Y, Z)
  File "/Users/NaN/anaconda/envs/py36/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py", line 259, in broadcast_arrays
    shape = _broadcast_shape(*args)
  File "/Users/NaN/anaconda/envs/py36/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py", line 193, in _broadcast_shape
    b = np.broadcast(*args[:32])
ValueError: shape mismatch: objects cannot be broadcast to a single shape

Answer 1

数组x，y，z需要二维设置参数。 一种方法是使用球坐标，例如在立方体的绘图表面中 。

剩下的任务是从输入数据中提取唯一坐标。 我在这里假设每个维度只有2个不同的值。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

def get_cube():   
    phi = np.arange(1,10,2)*np.pi/4
    Phi, Theta = np.meshgrid(phi, phi)

    x = np.cos(Phi)*np.sin(Theta)
    y = np.sin(Phi)*np.sin(Theta)
    z = np.cos(Theta)/np.sqrt(2)
    return x,y,z


points = np.array([[ 322697.1875    , 3663966.5       ,  -30000. ],
                   [ 325054.34375   , 3663966.5       ,  -30000. ],
                   [ 325054.34375   , 3665679.5       ,  -30000. ],
                   [ 322697.1875    , 3665679.5       ,  -30000. ],
                   [ 322697.1875    , 3663966.5       ,  -27703.12],
                   [ 325054.34375   , 3663966.5       ,  -27703.12],
                   [ 325054.34375   , 3665679.5       ,  -27703.12],
                   [ 322697.1875    , 3665679.5       ,  -27703.12]])

ux = np.unique(points[:,0])
uy = np.unique(points[:,1])
uz = np.unique(points[:,2])

x,y,z = get_cube()
offset = lambda X, o: o[0] + (X+.5)*np.diff(o)[0]


fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

ax.plot_surface(offset(x, ux), offset(y, uy), offset(z, uz))

plt.show()