在全新的Raspbian安装中，“ pipenv install opencv-python”失败

Question

在全新安装的Raspbian（Buster）上，我安装了pip3：

sudo -H pip3 install pipenv

然后在新目录中，安装opencv-python（在我的情况下为3.x的最新版本）：

pipenv install opencv-python==3.4.4.19

最后以关于不匹配哈希的错误结束：

pipenv install opencv-python==3.4.4.19
Creating a virtualenv for this project…
Pipfile: /home/pi/code/test3/Pipfile
Using /usr/bin/python3 (3.7.3) to create virtualenv…
⠴ Creating virtual environment...Already using interpreter /usr/bin/python3
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/pi/.local/share/virtualenvs/test3-D0e_lqS8/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/pi/.local/share/virtualenvs/test3-D0e_lqS8/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.

✔ Successfully created virtual environment! 
Virtualenv location: /home/pi/.local/share/virtualenvs/test3-D0e_lqS8
Creating a Pipfile for this project…
Installing opencv-python==3.4.4.19…
Adding opencv-python to Pipfile's [packages]…
✔ Installation Succeeded 
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
✔ Success! 
Updated Pipfile.lock (6fb88c)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (6fb88c)…
An error occurred while installing numpy==1.16.4 --hash=sha256:0778076e764e146d3078b17c24c4d89e0ecd4ac5401beff8e1c87879043a0633 --hash=sha256:141c7102f20abe6cf0d54c4ced8d565b86df4d3077ba2343b61a6db996cefec7 --hash=sha256:14270a1ee8917d11e7753fb54fc7ffd1934f4d529235beec0b275e2ccf00333b --hash=sha256:27e11c7a8ec9d5838bc59f809bfa86efc8a4fd02e58960fa9c49d998e14332d5 --hash=sha256:2a04dda79606f3d2f760384c38ccd3d5b9bb79d4c8126b67aff5eb09a253763e --hash=sha256:3c26010c1b51e1224a3ca6b8df807de6e95128b0908c7e34f190e7775455b0ca --hash=sha256:52c40f1a4262c896420c6ea1c6fda62cf67070e3947e3307f5562bd783a90336 --hash=sha256:6e4f8d9e8aa79321657079b9ac03f3cf3fd067bf31c1cca4f56d49543f4356a5 --hash=sha256:7242be12a58fec245ee9734e625964b97cf7e3f2f7d016603f9e56660ce479c7 --hash=sha256:7dc253b542bfd4b4eb88d9dbae4ca079e7bf2e2afd819ee18891a43db66c60c7 --hash=sha256:94f5bd885f67bbb25c82d80184abbf7ce4f6c3c3a41fbaa4182f034bba803e69 --hash=sha256:a89e188daa119ffa0d03ce5123dee3f8ffd5115c896c2a9d4f0dbb3d8b95bfa3 --hash=sha256:ad3399da9b0ca36e2f24de72f67ab2854a62e623274607e37e0ce5f5d5fa9166 --hash=sha256:b0348be89275fd1d4c44ffa39530c41a21062f52299b1e3ee7d1c61f060044b8 --hash=sha256:b5554368e4ede1856121b0dfa35ce71768102e4aa55e526cb8de7f374ff78722 --hash=sha256:cbddc56b2502d3f87fda4f98d948eb5b11f36ff3902e17cb6cc44727f2200525 --hash=sha256:d79f18f41751725c56eceab2a886f021d70fd70a6188fd386e29a045945ffc10 --hash=sha256:dc2ca26a19ab32dc475dbad9dfe723d3a64c835f4c23f625c2b6566ca32b9f29 --hash=sha256:dd9bcd4f294eb0633bb33d1a74febdd2b9018b8b8ed325f861fffcd2c7660bb8 --hash=sha256:e8baab1bc7c9152715844f1faca6744f2416929de10d7639ed49555a85549f52 --hash=sha256:ec31fe12668af687b99acf1567399632a7c47b0e17cfb9ae47c098644ef36797 --hash=sha256:f12b4f7e2d8f9da3141564e6737d79016fe5336cc92de6814eba579744f65b0a --hash=sha256:f58ac38d5ca045a377b3b377c84df8175ab992c970a53332fa8ac2373df44ff7! Will try again.
An error occurred while installing opencv-python==3.4.4.19 --hash=sha256:18bc3a32995215f77740dbe491990ea91772b1afa585431fd6e916e0a5f759b2 --hash=sha256:19a1cbeaef79592c74c5051fa54933dd36bdd4d690df9f69a3da9fa0053bb49a --hash=sha256:1baac6bdf28c817e1446ad1cab938d685456053708fb64722b95c0108e126fe1 --hash=sha256:26efbd00b17fcdd9eef9ba79ac6f280694b519cfdacbd7965f521f521c83a74f --hash=sha256:2a7d93fcd61294b014f653084295920edf1fb1c36d7a68a287cc2b4a4b2399e1 --hash=sha256:2ff1900511bbb948418a20d20501eee33eed035fde3c5aad5e305123f1e98fbe --hash=sha256:33e021aad18f40bfae2efb3431708bb29ddcba7c6a9199297f5832468e6bc772 --hash=sha256:3b59036967f015b6fe381b9e8c3836ac4056045988f83d09e8644a71908ceca9 --hash=sha256:4cb787d796fcbff36c40d4bff9d7ee00ec1bb4c059b907aee6ad0d61b4633808 --hash=sha256:4f83451dc1857c4bfa0096bc5e720530f71e99787e66a315fe6901c0d15331cf --hash=sha256:518b7b81df7ef0731714ad0363968649c60071b9072cdbc64efc1672d4f574e8 --hash=sha256:526c9b23b649184f2b0a2c8f8000ecfbe3d7da354ed74c8aec87d6878656361e --hash=sha256:6f36ab695bc43c62a11276b6de4253898afa064a2a13d569bd7939c63b0eed4d --hash=sha256:72f3c9dc4b0016a6e1135fb1549da8445851cb790e0020a217fe28ad8dad76e0 --hash=sha256:7383c413a96e64a301b3906ffddd6bc2105c81966ad52f8aaa2835446ad4ed4f --hash=sha256:80f2feab5e9ba3f0ba3788a7162c7733ba4524e2ac001c20fd63af1cb9626625 --hash=sha256:8d945a9544287949c70bcf23ce8a09724f50adc365f22ff28a77d9427ef74238 --hash=sha256:9adfc5ad89cb4ea4afa445494138cef79316adf7e45cea467ee1ea09571bd31c --hash=sha256:9d3e53880d9ef9f7838fb2a54fa576466329fbc67d27a4c99aac7971e290ab26 --hash=sha256:9f7754a877ec0de3e8dcaf7d99e23b2d3114b057087100424d5772b6e7564abe --hash=sha256:a4de364e46d68f4eb392219a5135d3b8470926fddd264415b3524566bbf50782 --hash=sha256:a4e1c9df81c9d13ea7711141d1cee96def112a199ccc76212a8e7a65b7a4e658 --hash=sha256:b43e3079a85efbff04ced76445b75dd3ee220b4251ac83cb1750fad9cf445f3d --hash=sha256:d1df5005261ae44597d9bccf5317fcdccfdc1083525ef24884bb5c066d1ab4ba --hash=sha256:d48ca719e8ab5c41238da398830cbe3e482cce0dc0f0b9ade033f86d595ecc98 --hash=sha256:e20c771adcd8867aeca7df8605f26bdabbab41895efdac8fe602a3203438b025 --hash=sha256:f6952b0ccce36c4f6a25441164e6ff89298c716547ff23c4862b7e91300714a6! Will try again.
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Installing initially failed dependencies…
  ☤  ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 2/2 — 00:00:14
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli/command.py", line 254, in install
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       editable_packages=state.installstate.editables,
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1992, in do_install
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       skip_lock=skip_lock,
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1253, in do_init
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 862, in do_install_dependencies
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       _cleanup_procs(procs, False, failed_deps_queue, retry=False)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 681, in _cleanup_procs
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       raise exceptions.InstallError(c.dep.name, extra=err_lines)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ['Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple', 'Collecting numpy==1.16.4 (from -r /tmp/pipenv-t5vvgr38-requirements/pipenv-3pmzpc2p-requirement.txt (line 1))', '  Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/numpy/numpy-1.16.4-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (7.4MB)']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ['ERROR: THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; someone may have tampered with them.', '    numpy==1.16.4 from https://www.piwheels.org/simple/numpy/numpy-1.16.4-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl#sha256=2010ae83ce5936239f400c953fbd4fed34ca9af2345426f3c64d5a4ec16009dc (from -r /tmp/pipenv-t5vvgr38-requirements/pipenv-3pmzpc2p-requirement.txt (line 1)):', '        Expected sha256 0778076e764e146d3078b17c24c4d89e0ecd4ac5401beff8e1c87879043a0633', '        Expected     or 141c7102f20abe6cf0d54c4ced8d565b86df4d3077ba2343b61a6db996cefec7', '        Expected     or 14270a1ee8917d11e7753fb54fc7ffd1934f4d529235beec0b275e2ccf00333b', '        Expected     or 27e11c7a8ec9d5838bc59f809bfa86efc8a4fd02e58960fa9c49d998e14332d5', '        Expected     or 2a04dda79606f3d2f760384c38ccd3d5b9bb79d4c8126b67aff5eb09a253763e', '        Expected     or 3c26010c1b51e1224a3ca6b8df807de6e95128b0908c7e34f190e7775455b0ca', '        Expected     or 52c40f1a4262c896420c6ea1c6fda62cf67070e3947e3307f5562bd783a90336', '        Expected     or 6e4f8d9e8aa79321657079b9ac03f3cf3fd067bf31c1cca4f56d49543f4356a5', '        Expected     or 7242be12a58fec245ee9734e625964b97cf7e3f2f7d016603f9e56660ce479c7', '        Expected     or 7dc253b542bfd4b4eb88d9dbae4ca079e7bf2e2afd819ee18891a43db66c60c7', '        Expected     or 94f5bd885f67bbb25c82d80184abbf7ce4f6c3c3a41fbaa4182f034bba803e69', '        Expected     or a89e188daa119ffa0d03ce5123dee3f8ffd5115c896c2a9d4f0dbb3d8b95bfa3', '        Expected     or ad3399da9b0ca36e2f24de72f67ab2854a62e623274607e37e0ce5f5d5fa9166', '        Expected     or b0348be89275fd1d4c44ffa39530c41a21062f52299b1e3ee7d1c61f060044b8', '        Expected     or b5554368e4ede1856121b0dfa35ce71768102e4aa55e526cb8de7f374ff78722', '        Expected     or cbddc56b2502d3f87fda4f98d948eb5b11f36ff3902e17cb6cc44727f2200525', '        Expected     or d79f18f41751725c56eceab2a886f021d70fd70a6188fd386e29a045945ffc10', '        Expected     or dc2ca26a19ab32dc475dbad9dfe723d3a64c835f4c23f625c2b6566ca32b9f29', '        Expected     or dd9bcd4f294eb0633bb33d1a74febdd2b9018b8b8ed325f861fffcd2c7660bb8', '        Expected     or e8baab1bc7c9152715844f1faca6744f2416929de10d7639ed49555a85549f52', '        Expected     or ec31fe12668af687b99acf1567399632a7c47b0e17cfb9ae47c098644ef36797', '        Expected     or f12b4f7e2d8f9da3141564e6737d79016fe5336cc92de6814eba579744f65b0a', '        Expected     or f58ac38d5ca045a377b3b377c84df8175ab992c970a53332fa8ac2373df44ff7', '             Got        2010ae83ce5936239f400c953fbd4fed34ca9af2345426f3c64d5a4ec16009dc']
ERROR: ERROR: Package installation failed...

看起来piwheels.org索引在那里，这很好。 为什么会发生此错误，我们该如何解决？

Answer 1

我通过以下方法解决了它：

1. 降级为Raspbian Stretch（而不是使用2019/06以来的新功能Buster），
2. 首先安装opencv-contrib-python 3.4.4.19，然后安装opencv-python

pipenv install opencv-contrib-python==3.4.4.19
pipenv install opencv-python==3.4.4.19

Raspbian Buster无法正常工作，因为piwheels.org的车轮尚未准备好； 由于遇到了数月的技术故障，它们的构建被延迟并且仍在追赶中，可以在“成功构建”列中找到cp34m和cp35m，但没有cp37m（Buster构建）的软件包页面上进行验证。 除此之外，我不知道为什么我仍然在Sketch中遇到opencv-python构建的哈希错误，需要先安装opencv-contrib-python 。

另外，在尝试import cv2和使用import cv2之前，请不要忘记安装库依赖项（ 源代码 ）：

$ sudo apt-get install libhdf5-dev libhdf5-serial-dev libhdf5-100
$ sudo apt-get install libqtgui4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-test python3-pyqt5
$ sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libjasper-dev