为什么 %pylab 没有启动 pylab 模式？

Question

所以我只是试图通过从 LibreOffice Calc 表中读取它们并通过最新 Ubuntu 版本中的终端运行 Python 来绘制一个变量图作为另一个变量的函数。 这是我的简短test.py文件：

%pylab
# import mesa_reader
import mesa_reader as mr

# load and plot data
h = mr.MesaData('LOGS/history.data')
plot(h.log_Teff, h.log_L)

# set axis labels
xlabel('log Effective Temperature')
ylabel('log Luminosity')

# invert the x-axis
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()

问题是，当我输入python3 test.py时终端给出了以下问题

File "test.py", line 2
    %pylab
    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

有人可以告诉我我的问题可能在这里吗？

编辑：这是新代码

# start pylab mode
# %pylab
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# import mesa_reader
import mesa_reader as mr

# load and plot data
h = mr.MesaData('LOGS/history.data')
plt.plot(h.log_Teff, h.log_L)

# set axis labels
plt.xlabel('log Effective Temperature')
plt.ylabel('log Luminosity')

# invert the x-axis
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()

但是，我收到以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 3, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ImportError: No module named matplotlib.pyplot

编辑2：这是代码+错误

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mesa_reader as mr

# load and plot data
h = mr.MesaData('LOGS/history.data')
plt.plot(h.log_Teff, h.log_L)

# set axis labels
plt.gca().xlabel('log Effective Temperature')
plt.gca().ylabel('log Luminosity')

# invert the x-axis
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 1, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 115, in <module>
    _backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab_setup()
  File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/__init__.py", line 63, in pylab_setup
    [backend_name], 0)
  File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 4, in <module>
    from . import tkagg  # Paint image to Tk photo blitter extension.
  File "/home/nick/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/tkagg.py", line 5, in <module>
    from six.moves import tkinter as Tk
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/six.py", line 203, in load_module
    mod = mod._resolve()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/six.py", line 115, in _resolve
    return _import_module(self.mod)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/six.py", line 82, in _import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 42, in <module>
    raise ImportError, str(msg) + ', please install the python-tk package'
ImportError: No module named _tkinter, please install the python-tk package

Answer 1

%pylab只是一个 ipython 魔术命令： https ://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#magic-pylab

要完成这项工作，您必须稍微重写您的代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mesa_reader as mr

# load and plot data
h = mr.MesaData('LOGS/history.data')
plt.plot(h.log_Teff, h.log_L)

# set axis labels
plt.xlabel('log Effective Temperature')
plt.ylabel('log Luminosity')

# invert the x-axis
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()

要保存文件，您可以执行以下操作：

plt.savefig('my_plot.png')