Gekko 找不到小问题的解决方案

Question

我正在使用 python 的 Gekko 库进行一些测试，并且有一个我知道解决方案的小问题。 完整代码如下：

from gekko import GEKKO

P = [[3.0,3.55,5.18,7.9,5.98],
    [1.56,1.56,2.48,3.15,2.38],
    [1.49,4.96,6.4,9.4,6.5]]

M = [[1,2,3,4,5],
     [6,7,8,9,10],
     [11,12,13,14,15]]

mm = M
pp = P
c1 = [300,200,150,250,180]
qtde = [10,10,10]
flex = [0.2,0.2,0.2]

m = GEKKO(remote=False)
ni = 3
nj = 5
x = [[m.Var(lb=0,integer=True) for j in range(nj)] for i in range(ni)]

s = 0
expr = []
for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        s += x[i][j]*pp[i][j]
    expr.append(s)
    s = 0

for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        if mm[i][j] == 0:
            m.Equation(x[i][j] == 0)


for i in range(len(flex)):
    if flex[i] == 0:
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) >= qtde[i])
    else:
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) >= qtde[i])
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) <= (1+flex[i])*qtde[i])


b = m.Array(m.Var,nj,integer=True,lb=0,ub=1)
iv = [None]*nj



for j in range(nj):
   iv[j] = m.sum([pp[i][j]*x[i][j] for i in range(ni)])
   m.Equation(iv[j] >= b[j]*c1[j])


m.Obj(m.sum(expr))

m.options.SOLVER=1 # switch to APOPT
m.solver_options = ['minlp_gap_tol 1.0e-2',\
                    'minlp_maximum_iterations 50000',\
                    'minlp_max_iter_with_int_sol 50000',\
                    'minlp_branch_method 1',\
                    'minlp_integer_leaves 2']


m.solve()    

for j in range(nj):
    m.Equation((1 - b[j])*iv[j] == 0)

m.options.SOLVER=1
m.solve()

代码退出并出现错误： Exception: @error: Solution Not Found 。 这很奇怪，因为有一个明确的解决方案：

x = [[0,0,12,0,0],
     [0,0,12,0,0],
     [0,0,12,0,0]]

更奇怪的是，即使我极大地增加变量qtde的值（例如， qtde = [40,40,40] ），算法也找不到解决方案。 我写约束的方式有什么错误吗？

Answer 1

有时求解器需要更好的初始猜测或选择性界限的帮助，以远离有问题的解决方案。 这是仅通过一个求解器调用即可帮助解决问题的方法。

lower = [0,0,4,0,0]
for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        x[i][j].value = 5
        x[i][j].lower = lower[j]
        x[i][j].upper = 20

如果我将所有发电单元的下限设置为零，我总是会收到infeasible solution消息。 求解器似乎陷入了全零的试验解决方案或全部低于某个阈值时。 在这种情况下，我必须将中间单元绑定在 4 以上才能获得成功的解决方案，而其他单元则为零。 这是完整的代码：

from gekko import GEKKO

P = [[3.0,3.55,5.18,7.9,5.98],
    [1.56,1.56,2.48,3.15,2.38],
    [1.49,4.96,6.4,9.4,6.5]]

M = [[1,2,3,4,5],
     [6,7,8,9,10],
     [11,12,13,14,15]]

mm = M
pp = P
c1 = [300,200,150,250,180]
qtde = [10,10,10]
flex = [0.2,0.2,0.2]

m = GEKKO(remote=False)
ni = 3
nj = 5
x = [[m.Var(integer=True) for j in range(nj)] for i in range(ni)]

# Fix x at values to check the feasibility of the initial guess
#x = [[m.Param() for j in range(nj)] for i in range(ni)]

lower = [0,0,4,0,0]
for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        x[i][j].value = 5
        x[i][j].lower = lower[j]
        x[i][j].upper = 20

s = 0
expr = []
for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        s += x[i][j]*pp[i][j]
    expr.append(s)
    s = 0

for i in range(ni):
    for j in range(nj):
        if mm[i][j] == 0:
            m.Equation(x[i][j] == 0)


for i in range(len(flex)):
    if flex[i] == 0:
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) >= qtde[i])
    else:
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) >= qtde[i])
        m.Equation(sum([x[i][j] for j in range(nj)]) <= (1+flex[i])*qtde[i])


b = m.Array(m.Var,nj,value=0.5,integer=True,lb=0,ub=1)
iv = [None]*nj



for j in range(nj):
   iv[j] = m.sum([pp[i][j]*x[i][j] for i in range(ni)])
   m.Equation(iv[j] >= b[j]*c1[j])


m.Obj(m.sum(expr))

for j in range(nj):
    m.Equation((1 - b[j])*iv[j] <= 1e-5)

print('Initial guess: ' + str(x))

# solve as NLP first to see iterations
#m.solver_options = ['minlp_as_nlp 1']
#m.options.SOLVER = 1
#m.solve(debug=0)



# solve as MINLP
m.options.SOLVER=1 # switch to APOPT
m.solver_options = ['minlp_gap_tol 1.0e-2',\
                    'minlp_maximum_iterations 50000',\
                    'minlp_max_iter_with_int_sol 50000',\
                    'minlp_branch_method 1',\
                    'minlp_integer_leaves 2']

m.options.SOLVER=1
m.solve(disp=False)

print('Final solution: ' + str(x))

使用完美的求解器，不需要初始猜测，并且可以将边界设置为从0到infinity 。 有些问题更难解决，例如混合 integer 变量和使用互补条件时的问题。 你的问题两者都有，所以我并不惊讶求解器在没有初始猜测或适当界限的情况下挣扎。