如何将 shell 中的所有环境变量传递给它调用的 bash 脚本？

Question

我在 Mac OS X 上运行 Python 3.7、Django 2。当我从命令行运行以下命令时，它们可以无缝运行...

localhost:web davea$ source ./venv/bin/activate
(venv) localhost:web davea$ python manage.py migrate maps
System check identified some issues:

WARNINGS:
?: (mysql.W002) MySQL Strict Mode is not set for database connection 'default'
    HINT: MySQL's Strict Mode fixes many data integrity problems in MySQL, such as data truncation upon insertion, by escalating warnings into errors. It is strongly recommended you activate it. See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/databases/#mysql-sql-mode
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: maps
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.

但是，当我创建包含命令的 bash 脚本时

!#/bin/bash
source ./venv/bin/activate
python manage.py migrate maps

剧本死了

localhost:web davea$ sh test.sh 
test.sh: line 1: !#/bin/bash: No such file or directory
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
  Reason: image not found

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 347, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 112, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 114, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 315, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 205, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/chicommons/maps/web/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

我在评论中的朋友的帮助下发现问题是由于我的 bash 脚本无法访问某些环境变量。 我想知道如何在脚本运行之前将我的整个环境变量集传递给脚本，而不是挑选特定的变量。

Answer 1

不要使用sh运行 shell 脚本（除非这确实是您想要的 shell，这很少见）。 sh与shell与bash 。 要么使用bash调用它，要么将你的!#/bin/bash shebang修复为#!/bin/bash并直接调用脚本； 这通常更容易管理（输入的字符更少......）。

我怀疑只需使用正确的 shell 就足以解决您的问题，但如果不是，您需要弄清楚DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH的设置位置（大概是您的~/.bashrc或venv/bin/activate ）并确保正在export变量-ed。 Bash 变量默认不是环境变量，您需要export它们以告诉 bash 将它们包含在调用的任何子进程的 env 变量中。

Answer 2

您可以如下更改起点线

#!/bin/bash -l
source ./venv/bin/activate
python manage.py migrate maps

-l标志将确保您的 bash 配置文件已加载

Answer 3

我会尝试编写这样的脚本：

!#/bin/bash
./venv/bin/python manage.py migrate maps

解释：

来自“创建虚拟环境” https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html

您不需要特别激活环境； 激活只是将虚拟环境的二进制目录添加到您的路径中，以便“python”调用虚拟环境的 Python 解释器，您可以运行已安装的脚本而无需使用它们的完整路径。 但是，安装在虚拟环境中的所有脚本都应该可以在不激活的情况下运行，并自动与虚拟环境的 Python 一起运行。