交换数组中的元素导致问题

Question

新年快乐。 我有一个关于在 Python 环境下交换数组中的元素的问题。 没有问题的代码是：

def findMissingNumber(nums):
    length = len(nums)
    result = []
    i = 0
    while i < length:
        # num = nums[i]
        target = nums[i] - 1
        if nums[i] != i+1 and nums[i] != nums[target]:
            # swap with the nums[i]-1
            nums[target], nums[i]= nums[i], nums[target]
        else:
            i += 1
    for j in range(length):
        if nums[j] != j+1:
            result.append(j+1)
    return result

print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 1, 8, 2, 3, 5, 1]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 4, 1, 2]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 2, 1]))

有答案：

[4, 6, 7]
[3]
[4]

错误的是：

def findMissingNumber(nums):
    length = len(nums)
    result = []
    i = 0
    while i < length:
        num = nums[i]
        target = num - 1
        if num != i+1 and num != nums[target]:
            # swap with the num-1
            nums[target], num = num, nums[target]
        else:
            i += 1
    for j in range(length):
        if nums[j] != j+1:
            result.append(j+1)
    return result

print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 1, 8, 2, 3, 5, 1]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 4, 1, 2]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 2, 1]))

有答案：

[4, 6, 7]
[3, 4]
[3, 4]

我不确定为什么引用（我应该称之为）会造成麻烦。 你介意详细解释一下吗。
谢谢。

Answer 1

修复了带有注释的代码。

def findMissingNumber(nums):
    length = len(nums)
    result = []
    i = 0
    while i < length:
        # num and nums[i] have the same value but doesnt refer to same memory location
        num = nums[i]
        target = num - 1
        if num != i+1 and num != nums[target]:
            # swap with the num-1
            
            # incorrect swap, num value is not referencing the list index, but has a copy of its value,
            # so instead of swapping value with num, do it from the list like below
            # nums[target], num = num, nums[target]
            
            
            # correct swap
            nums[target], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[target]
        else:
            i += 1
    for j in range(length):
        if nums[j] != j+1:
            result.append(j+1)
    return result

print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 1, 8, 2, 3, 5, 1]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 4, 1, 2]))
print(findMissingNumber([2, 3, 2, 1]))