如何在 Python 中只写一次 Header

Question

我对编程很陌生，我怎么能只写一次 header 但其他值重复我不知道用什么术语来描述这个，所以我会告诉你我的意思：

toWriteHeader = [
    ["Timestamp:", "Overall result:","Blank", "Soll-orderno:", "Desired-HW-Version:", "Desired-SF-Version:","Desired-productcode:", "Desired-device-type:", "Scancode:", "Wbm-orderno:", "Wbm-HW-Version:", "Wbm-SF-Version:",
      "Wbm-mac-address:","combined-product-code:", "wbm-device-type:"],
      
    
]   
toWrite = [
    [now ,"Blank",d_ordernum,d_hw_version,d_sf_version,pc_praefix,d_dev_typ,scancode_string,ord_nmr,ord_nmr,v,b]

] 

file = open('Test.csv', 'w') 

with file:
    writer = csv.writer(file)

    for row in toWriteHeader:
        writer.writerow(row)

file = open('Test.csv', 'a') 

with file:
    writer = csv.writer(file)

    for row in toWrite:
        writer.writerow(row)

所以基本上“writeToHeader”只需要写一次，但其他值需要重复附加，但这不会发生我只写一次“toWrite”

任何人都可以建议安迪解决方案或给我看一个例子。 PS：go 对我来说容易，我是初学者

示例 output 到文件：

Timestamp:, Overall result:,Soll-orderno:,Desired-HW-Version:,Desired-SF-Version:,Desired-productcode:,Desired-device-type:,Scancode:,Wbm-orderno:,Wbm-HW-Version:,Wbm-SF-Version:,Wbm-mac-address:,combined-product-code:,wbm-device-type:

2021-04-26 13:32:11,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

2021-04-26 13:32:32,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

2021-04-26 13:32:38,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

2021-04-26 13:33:48,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

2021-04-26 13:33:55,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

我当前的 Output 到文件：

Timestamp:, Overall result:,Soll-orderno:,Desired-HW-Version:,Desired-SF-Version:,Desired-productcode:,Desired-device-type:,Scancode:,Wbm-orderno:,Wbm-HW-Version:,Wbm-SF-Version:,Wbm-mac-address:,combined-product-code:,wbm-device-type:

2021-04-26 13:32:11,Blank,58184,1.00,1.0.0,7A2F7,TREE M-5TX PN IP67,58183#99AF0M000F9EF41A80,58184,58184,1.00,1.0.0

Answer 1

这样的事情有帮助吗？

import csv

toWriteHeader = [
    ["Timestamp:", "Overall result:","Blank", "Soll-orderno:", "Desired-HW-Version:", "Desired-SF-Version:","Desired-productcode:", "Desired-device-type:", "Scancode:", "Wbm-orderno:", "Wbm-HW-Version:", "Wbm-SF-Version:",
      "Wbm-mac-address:","combined-product-code:", "wbm-device-type:"],
      
    
]   
toWrite = [
    ['now' ,"Blank",'d_ordernum','d_hw_version','d_sf_version','pc_praefix','d_dev_typ','scancode_string','ord_nmr','ord_nmr','v','b']

] 

with open('Test.csv', 'w') as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerows(toWriteHeader)
    for row in range(10):
        writer.writerows(toWrite)

您需要将toWrite值调整回变量和for row部分。但这会在 csv 中放置一个“标题”，然后是数据行。

Answer 2

我假设您想多次运行该程序并且“toWrite”列表中的值发生变化？

如果是这样，您的问题是您总是执行该部分：

file = open('Test.csv', 'w') 

with file:
    writer = csv.writer(file)

    for row in toWriteHeader:
        writer.writerow(row)

因此，您以覆盖现有内容的模式“w”打开文件。 只需在编写 header 之前检查文件是否存在。 此外，最好将文件作为上下文管理器（with）的一部分打开，以便之后自动关闭：

import os.path

fname = 'HERE SHOULD BE THE FULL PATH OF THE FILE'

if (not os.path.isfile(fname)):
    with open(fname, 'w') as file:
        writer = csv.writer(file)

        for row in toWriteHeader:
            writer.writerow(row)

您必须先在 fname 中定义文件的完整路径，或者先更改到文件的目录。

此解决方案假定您第一次运行代码以编写 header 时该文件不存在。 如果它可能已经存在但可能为空，您可以检查它是否为空： How to check if.xls and.csv files are empty