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永远不会调用UIImage dealloc

[英]UIImage dealloc is never called

我试图弄清楚为什么我的应用程序使用大量内存,然后在几次内存警告后崩溃。 Instrument VM Tracker显示它使用〜30Mb作为脏内存。 分配显示10-15 Mb,不是很多。 一旦应用程序处理了显示大量图像(缩略图)的操作,我就认为图像就是我应该看的东西。 我不使用标准的UIImage imageNamed方法,而是使用imageWithData并进行缓存。 当系统发送内存警告时,我将清理缓存存储。 为了确保不再需要我创建的图像,我将UIImage子类化,并覆盖了imageWithData,release和dealloc方法。 我可以看到调用了imageWithData,但从未调用过release和dealloc。 这就是我这样做的方式:

BaseUIimage.h

@interface BaseUIimage : UIImage

@end

BaseUIimage.m

#import "BaseUIimage.h"

@implementation BaseUIimage

+ (id)imageWithData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"UIImage imageWithData");
    return [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}

- (id)retain {
    NSLog(@"UIImage retain: %d", [self retainCount]);
    return [super retain];
}

- (oneway void)release {
    NSLog(@"UIImage release: %d", [self retainCount]);
    [super release];
}

- (id)autorelease {
    NSLog(@"UIImage autorelease: %d", [self retainCount]);
    return [super autorelease];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    NSLog(@"UIImage deallocated");
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

我的缓存代码:

。H

#import "BaseUIimage.h"

@interface UIImageCached : BaseUIimage

// CACHE
+ (NSMutableDictionary*) cache;
+ (void) cleanCache;
+ (UIImageCached *)imageNamed:(NSString *)imageName;
+ (UIImageCached *)retinaImageNamed:(NSString *)imageName;
+ (UIImageCached *)imageFromPath:(NSString *)imagePath;

.m

#import "UIImageCached.h"

@implementation UIImageCached

static NSMutableDictionary *data;

+ (NSMutableDictionary*) cache {
    if (data == nil)
        data = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:150];
    return data;
}

+ (void) cleanCache {
    NSLog(@"Cache cleaned images: %d", data.count);

    for (BaseUIimage *image in data) {
        NSLog(@"image rc: %d", [image retainCount]); // always prints rc = 1
    }

    [data removeAllObjects];
}

+ (UIImageCached *)imageFromPath:(NSString *)imagePath {
    UIImageCached *image = (UIImageCached*)[self.cache objectForKey:imagePath];
    if (image == nil) {
        NSData *imageData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:imagePath options:NSDataReadingMappedIfSafe error:nil];
        image = (UIImageCached*)[UIImageCached imageWithData:imageData];
        [imageData release];

        if (image) {
            [self.cache setObject:image forKey:imagePath];
            //NSLog(@"new cached image: #%d", self.cache.count);
        } else {
            //NSLog(@"can't cache image: #%d", self.cache.count);
        }
    }

    return image;
}

+ (UIImageCached *)imageNamed:(NSString *)imageName {
    NSString *extension = [imageName pathExtension];
    NSString *fileName = [imageName stringByDeletingPathExtension];
    NSString *fileLocation = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:fileName ofType:extension];
    return [self imageFromPath:fileLocation];
}

+ (UIImageCached *)retinaImageNamed:(NSString *)imageName {
    UIImageCached *image = (UIImageCached*)[self.cache objectForKey:imageName];
    if (image == nil) {
        NSString *extension = [imageName pathExtension];
        NSString *fileName = [imageName stringByDeletingPathExtension];

        float s = 1.0;

        // retina filename support
        if(!isIPAD && [[UIScreen mainScreen] respondsToSelector:@selector(scale)]) {
            s = [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale];
            if (s > 1)
                fileName = NSTR2(@"%@%@", fileName, @"@2x");            
        }

        NSString *fileLocation = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:fileName ofType:extension];

        NSData *imgData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:fileLocation options:NSDataReadingMappedIfSafe error:nil];

        BaseUIimage *tmpImage = [[BaseUIimage alloc] initWithData:imgData];

        [imgData release];

        image = (UIImageCached*)[UIImageCached imageWithCGImage:tmpImage.CGImage 
                                                    scale:s 
                                              orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];        

        [tmpImage release];

        if (image) {
            [self.cache setObject:image forKey:imageName];
            //NSLog(@"-- CACHE: new cached image: #%d", self.cache.count);          
        } else {
            NSLog(@"-- CACHE: can't cache image: %@", fileLocation);
        }
    } else {
        //NSLog(@"-- CACHE: read cached image");
    }
    return image;
}

@end

为什么从不调用release和dealloc? 这是否意味着我创建的UIImage实例没有被取消分配,这就是虚拟内存增加的原因吗?

Dave Wood几乎是正确的(他的实现仍将创建UIImage)。 问题是

[UIImage imageWithData:data];

将创建一个UIImage而不是您希望它创建的子类。 要对此进行测试,请尝试以下imageWithData实现:

+ (id)imageWithData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"UIImage imageWithData");
    UIImage *im = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    NSLog(@"%@",[im class]);
    return im;
}

NSLog将输出UIImage。 不是您所需要的。 我建议以下实现:

+ (id)imageWithData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"UIImage imageWithData");
    BaseUIimage *im = [[BaseUIimage alloc] initWithData:data];
    return [im autorelease];
}

这将创建BaseUIimage类的图像,并因此表现出您所期望的。 干杯。

您创建的子类错误。 在这里的代码中:

@implementation BaseUIimage

+ (id)imageWithData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"UIImage imageWithData");
    return [UIImage imageWithData:data];
}

...

您没有获得BaseUIimage的实例,而是获得了常规的UIImage,这意味着未调用覆盖的release / dealloc等,因为它们不属于UIImage类。

您需要将该函数更改为:

@implementation BaseUIimage

+ (id)imageWithData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"UIImage imageWithData");
    return [super imageWithData:data];
}

...

这将返回您的BaseUIimage类的实例。 现在,您将能够看到被覆盖的方法被调用。

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