将对象设置为nil时不调用dealloc方法

Question

我有个问题。

我首先创建了一个扩展NSObject的对象，我提供了描述和dealloc方法的覆盖。 这是我的Employee.m文件：

@implementation Employee
.....

-(NSString *)description
{
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Employ ID: %d has $%d value of assets", [self     employeeID], [self valueOfAssets]];
}

-(void)dealloc
{   
    NSLog(@"deallocating.. %@", self);
    [super dealloc];
}

在我的main.m中，我首先创建了一个NSMutableArray来保存Employee对象列表：

NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

for (int i =0; i< 10; i++)
{
    // Create an instance of Employee
    Employee *person = [[Employee alloc] init];

    // Give the instance varaible interesting values
    [person setEmployeeID:i];
    [employees addObject: person];
}

最后我把员工定为零

employees = nil;

我期望调用每个Employee对象的dealloc方法，我会看到一些日志，如：

deallocating.. Employ ID 0 has value.....
deallocating.. Employ ID 2 has value.....
....

但是，我没有看到任何日志，如果我在dealloc方法上设置断点，则断点永远不会被命中。

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

几点意见：

1. person = nil不会在非ARC代码中释放对象。 它将在ARC代码中（至少如果它很强大）。

2. 在ARC中，当本地对象超出范围时，它们将自动为您释放。 在非ARC中，不会为您释放超出范围的对象（如果您在其他地方没有其他对这些对象的引用，则最终会泄漏）。

3. 将项添加到可变数组将增加项的保留计数，因此即使您在非ARC代码中包含一个版本，该对象也不会被释放，直到保留计数降至零（不仅仅通过释放来完成）将对象添加到数组后，也将对象从数组中删除。

因此，鉴于这是非ARC代码，它可能是这样的：

- (void)testInNonArcCode
{
    NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // employees retain count = +1

    for (int i =0; i< 10; i++)
    {
        //create an instance of Employee
        Employee *person = [[Employee alloc] init]; // person retain count = +1

        //Give the instance varaible interesting values
        [person setEmployeeID:i];
        [employees addObject: person];  // person retain count = +2
        [person release];  // person retain count = +1 (YOU REALLY WANT TO DO THIS OR ELSE OR NON-ARC PROGRAM WILL LEAK)
        // person = nil;   // this does nothing, except clears the local var that's limited to the for loop scope ... it does nothing to reduce the retain count or improve memory management in non-ARC code, thus I have commented it out
    }

    // do whatever you want

    [employees removeAllObjects]; // this will remove all of the person objects and they will have their respective retain counts reduced to 0, and therefore the Employee objects will be released

    [employees release]; // employees array's own retain count reduced to zero (and will now be dealloced, itself)
}

在ARC代码中：

- (void)testInArcCode
{
    NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // employees retain count = +1

    for (int i =0; i< 10; i++)
    {
        //create an instance of Employee
        Employee *person = [[Employee alloc] init]; // person retain count = +1

        //Give the instance varaible interesting values
        [person setEmployeeID:i];
        [employees addObject: person];  // person retain count = +2

        // person = nil;      // this would reduce person retain count to +1 (but unnecessary in ARC because when person falls out of scope, it will have it's retain count automatically reduced)
    }

    // do whatever you want

    [employees removeAllObjects]; // this will remove all of the person objects and they will have their respective retain counts reduced to 0, and therefore will be released

    // [employees release]; // not permitted in ARC
    // employees = nil;     // this would effectively release employees, but again, not needed, because when it falls out of scope, it will be released anyway
}

Answer 2

解放对象的正确方法就是这样做

[employees release];

将其设置为nil将不会释放内存。

Answer 3

由于您被允许调用[super dealloc] ，我可以假设您没有使用自动引用计数 。 这意味着您需要显式地将您编写的每个alloc与平衡release调用配对。 对于你来说，当你使数组为零时，你基本上泄露了员工的所有内存。 您需要再次遍历数组以释放它们，或者更好，因为您正在学习... 尽快开始编写ARC代码。

值得注意的是，ARC是针对这种情况而创建的; 它对我们的大脑有意义，现在如果你使用最新的工具它可以成为现实。