在Python中，讀取帶有數據列的csv文件，並根據列標題分配變量

Question

我正在處理類似於以下（'testcsv.csv'）的CSV文件：

x, y, z
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6

也就是說，第一列包含帶有變量名稱的標題，隨后的列包含表示與這些變量相對應的數組的數值。 我想將變量讀入我的“工作區”（使用Matlab術語），使得“ x”是數組[1,4]，“ y”是數組[2,5]，而“ z”是數組[3,6]。 以下腳本可實現此目的：

import numpy as np

filename='testcsv.csv'
# Read column headers (to be variable naames)
with open(filename) as f:
     firstline = f.readline()                    # Read first line of csv
     firstline = firstline.replace("\n","")      # Remove new line characters
     firstline = firstline.replace(" ","")       # Remove spaces
     ColumnHeaders = firstline.split(",")        # Get array of column headers

# Read in the data (omitting the first row containing column headers)
data=np.loadtxt(filename,skiprows=1,delimiter=",")

# Assign the data to arrays, with names of the variables generated from column headers
Ind=0
for Var in ColumnHeaders:
    vars()[Var]=data[:,Ind]         # Assign the columns of the data to variables names after the column headers
    Ind=Ind+1

唯一的問題是我想使它成為一個函數，該函數以“文件名”作為輸入並全局寫出變量。 我知道“全局”函數，但是由於變量名是動態獲取的，因此我不確定如何使用它。 有任何想法嗎？

Answer 1

遵循Kevin的建議，我只是將“ vars（）”替換為“ globals（）”。 這是新的腳本：

import numpy as np

filename='testcsv.csv'

def read_csv(filename):

# Read column headers (to be variable naames)
with open(filename) as f:
     firstline = f.readline()                    # Read first line of csv
     firstline = firstline.replace("\n","")      # Remove new line characters
     firstline = firstline.replace(" ","")       # Remove spaces
     ColumnHeaders = firstline.split(",")        # Get array of column headers

# Read in the data (omitting the first row containing column headers)
data=np.loadtxt(filename,skiprows=1,delimiter=",")

# Assign the data to arrays, with names of the variables generated from column headers
Ind=0
for Var in ColumnHeaders:
    globals()[Var]=data[:,Ind]         # Assign the columns of the data to variables names after the column headers
    Ind=Ind+1

read_csv(filename)

（“ def”中的行也應縮進，但此復制粘貼未捕獲到該行）。 腳本現在根據需要使用函數“ read_csv”。