如何在OpenGL中繪制兩個或多個三角形？

Question

有人可以告訴我如何修改我的代碼以便我可以繪制多個三角形嗎？

我希望完成如下圖所示的事情：

// Include standard headers
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Include GLEW
#include <GL/glew.h>

// Include GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
GLFWwindow* window;

// Include GLM
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
using namespace glm;

#include <common/shader.hpp>

int main(void)
{
    // Initialise GLFW
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n");
        getchar();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // To make MacOS happy; should not be needed
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    // Open a window and create its OpenGL context
    window = glfwCreateWindow(1024, 768, "Tutorial 04 - Colored Cube", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window. If you have an Intel GPU, they are not 3.3 compatible. Try the 2.1 version of the tutorials.\n");
        getchar();
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // Initialize GLEW
    glewExperimental = true; // Needed for core profile
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n");
        getchar();
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    // Ensure we can capture the escape key being pressed below
    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GL_TRUE);

    // Dark blue background
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);

    // Enable depth test
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    // Accept fragment if it closer to the camera than the former one
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);

    GLuint VertexArrayID;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
    glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID);

    // Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
    GLuint programID = LoadShaders("TransformVertexShader.vertexshader", "ColorFragmentShader.fragmentshader");

    // Get a handle for our "MVP" uniform
    GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "MVP");


    int verticeCount = 3;
    static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
        -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
    };
    static const GLfloat g_color_buffer_data[] = {
        1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    };

    GLuint vertexbuffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    GLuint colorbuffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_color_buffer_data), g_color_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    do {
        // Clear the screen
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        // Use our shader
        glUseProgram(programID);

        glm::mat4 MVP = glm::mat4(1.0);

        // Send our transformation to the currently bound shader, 
        // in the "MVP" uniform
        glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]);

        // 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            0,                  // attribute. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
            3,                  // size
            GL_FLOAT,           // type
            GL_FALSE,           // normalized?
            0,                  // stride
            (void*)0            // array buffer offset
        );

        // 2nd attribute buffer : colors
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            1,                                // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
            3,                                // size
            GL_FLOAT,                         // type
            GL_FALSE,                         // normalized?
            0,                                // stride
            (void*)0                          // array buffer offset
        );

        // Draw the triangle !
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, verticeCount * 3);

        glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

        // Swap buffers
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();

    } // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
    while (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) != GLFW_PRESS &&
        glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0);

    // Cleanup VBO and shader
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
    glDeleteProgram(programID);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);

    // Close OpenGL window and terminate GLFW
    glfwTerminate();

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

它實際上就在你的鼻子前面。

三角形由 3 個頂點定義。

static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
    -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
    0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
    0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
};

在這里，您使用 3 個 3 維頂點初始化了頂點數據數組。 那是1個三角形。

您只需向該數組添加更多三角形，即 3 組 3 個頂點，同時擴展g_color_buffer_data數組並相應地更改verticeCount 。

所以這：

static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
    -0.50f, +0.50f, +0.00f,
    +0.50f, +0.50f, +0.00f,
    +0.50f, -0.50f, +0.00f,
     
    -0.50f, -0.25f, +0.00f,
    -0.50f, -0.50f, +0.00f,
    -0.25f, -0.50f, +0.00f,
};

static const GLfloat g_color_buffer_data[] = {
    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
    1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
    
    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
};

會給你 2 個三角形：1 個紅色，1 個藍色。

您還可以將verticeCount定義為：

int verticeCount = sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data) / (sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data[0]) * 3);

（ 關於在 C++ 中查找 C 樣式數組大小的線程）

這樣您就不必手動更改它。

Answer 2

你總是可以創建一個新的頂點緩沖區，但通常最好實現頂點和片段着色器。 如果您選擇使用着色器，您可以繪制緩沖區，變換頂點着色器，然后再次繪制緩沖區。 片段着色器還提供了一種更好的動態指定顏色的方法。 您可以在https://learnopengl.com/Getting-started/Shaders閱讀更多內容並查看一些示例