[英]How to implement stochastic depth, and randomly dropout an entire convolutional layer?
我正在嘗試實現這個想法: https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.09382 。 基本思想是在基於“保持概率”的訓練期間丟棄 Conv2D 層,例如 Dropout。 我想我可以用這樣的自定義層來做到這一點:
class StochasticConv2D(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(StochasticConv2D, self).__init__()
self.conv2D = layers.Conv2D(**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs, training, keep_prob):
if training and (np.random.uniform() > keep_prob):
return inputs
return self.conv2D(inputs)
當我嘗試使用 training = True 時,我收到此錯誤:
ValueError: tf.function-decorated function tried to create variables on non-first call.
如果我讓它工作,我不太確定如何實現非訓練模式。 我是否使用 training = false 再次定義 model 並加載訓練中保存的權重? 如果我將validation_data 傳遞給model.fit(),那么在運行驗證時如何將“training”設置為false?
要隨機凍結過濾器,您只需制作一個tf.keras.layers.Dropout
層,其形狀與卷積過濾器的通道數相同。 在這里,我們有 10 個:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(10, 3, input_shape=(28, 28, 1)),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(.5, noise_shape=(1, 1, 1, 10))])
x = np.random.rand(1, 28, 28, 1)
np.max(model(x, training=True), axis=(1, 2))
array([[-0. , -0. , 0. , 0.53856176, -0. ,
-0. , 0.16301194, -0. , 0.76797724, 0.54769045]],
dtype=float32)
這些都是 10 個卷積濾波器的最大值。 您會看到其中一半只是零。
要退出圖層,您可以執行類似的操作:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
conv_dropout_layer = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(4, 3),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(.5, noise_shape=(1, 1, 1, 1))])
x = np.random.rand(1, 28, 28, 1)
model(x, training=True)
一半的時間,所有這些權重都會被凍結。
要返回卷積結果的標識,您可以執行以下操作:
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
class StochasticConv2D(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs):
super(StochasticConv2D, self).__init__()
self.filters = filters
self.kernel_size = kernel_size
self.conv2D = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(filters, kernel_size, padding='SAME', **kwargs)
def call(self, inputs, **kwargs):
coin_toss = tf.random.uniform(())
return tf.cond(tf.greater(.5, coin_toss), lambda: inputs, lambda: self.conv2D(inputs))
x = np.random.rand(1, 7, 7, 10)
s = StochasticConv2D(10, 3)
s(x, training=True).shape
這似乎可以做到(先前解決方案的修改版本):
class StochasticConv2D(layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, keep_prob, **kwargs):
super(StochasticConv2D, self).__init__()
self.keep_prob = keep_prob
self.conv2D = layers.Conv2D(**kwargs)
def call(self, inputs):
if keras.backend.learning_phase():
coin_toss = tf.random.uniform(())
return tf.cond(tf.greater(coin_toss, self.keep_prob), lambda: inputs, lambda: self.conv2D(inputs))
return self.conv2D(inputs)
tensorflow_addons
有一個 StochasticDepth 層
import tensorflow_addons as tfa
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
inputs = tf.keras.Input(shape=(28, 28, 1))
residual = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3),
activation="relu",
padding='SAME')(inputs)
x = tfa.layers.StochasticDepth()([inputs, residual])
x = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))(x)
residual = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3),
activation="relu",
padding='SAME')(x)
x = tfa.layers.StochasticDepth()([x, residual])
x = tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Flatten()(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)(x)
outputs = tf.keras.layers.Dense(10,
activation="softmax")(x)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)
model.summary()
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
x_train = x_train.reshape(60000, 28, 28, 1).astype("float32") / 255
x_test = x_test.reshape(10000, 28, 28, 1).astype("float32") / 255
model.compile(
loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(),
optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.RMSprop(),
metrics=["accuracy"],
)
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train,
batch_size=64, epochs=2,
validation_split=0.2)
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