Copernicus Dem xarray select 具有多維坐標的最近緯度/經度

Question

這個問題是相關的，但不知何故我仍然需要一些幫助才能讓它工作。 xarray select 具有多維坐標的最近緯度/經度

import rioxarray
import numpy as np
import geopandas as gpd
import cartopy.crs as ccrs

# download and read elevation data (about 40MB)
xds = rioxarray.open_rasterio("https://elevationeuwest.blob.core.windows.net/copernicus-dem/COP30_hh/Copernicus_DSM_COG_10_N36_00_W113_00_DEM.tif")

# now I wish to find the elevation at the following coordinates:
this_lon = -112.23425
this_lat = 36.3566

# I can get elevation nearby by rounding the coordinates:
xds.loc[dict(x=-112.2, y=36.4)].values
# array([2708.229], dtype=float32)

# but since the data has a 30 meters grid, I should be able 
# to be more precise than rounding the coordinates
# If I use the exact coordinates I get an error since they are 
# not in the indexes:
xds.loc[dict(x=-112.23425, y=36.3566)].values
# KeyError: -112.23425

我曾嘗試使用 cartopy，但失敗了：

data_crs = ccrs.LambertConformal(central_longitude=-100)
x, y = data_crs.transform_point(-112.23425, 36.3566, src_crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
xds.sel(x=x, y=y)
# KeyError: -1090022.066606806

文檔提到“哥白尼 DEM 實例在地理坐標中可用；水平參考基准是 1984 年世界大地測量系統（WGS84-G1150；EPSG 4326）”，但我不知道如何使用此信息。

Answer 1

實際上經度和緯度是1/3600度的均勻空間。 我們可以看到：

xds.x.values
array([-113.        , -112.99972222, -112.99944444, ..., -112.00083333,
       -112.00055556, -112.00027778])

(xds.x.values + 113)*3600
array([0.000e+00, 1.000e+00, 2.000e+00, ..., 3.597e+03, 3.598e+03,
   3.599e+03])

因此，我們可以在哥白尼 DEM 索引中快速找到最近的點，如下所示：

i = round((-112.23425 + 113) * 3600)
j = round((36.3566 - 36) * 3600)

lon_nearest = xds.x.values[i]
lat_nearest = xds.y.values[j]

xds.loc[dict(x=lon_nearest, y=lat_nearest)].values
array([2553.148], dtype=float32)