Python LMFIT限制适合参数

Question

I'm trying to fit a function to some data in Python using the LMFIT library for nonlinear functions. It's easy enough, but I want to know if there's a way to restrict some properties of the fitted values.

For example, in the following code I fit my data to optimize values A, B and C. But I also want the ratio of A to B to be pi/4 times some integer. Is there a way to impose this restriction?

from lmfit import  Model
import numpy
from numpy import cos, sin, pi, linspace

Upload data:

data = numpy.genfromtxt('data')
axis = numpy.genfromtxt('axis')

Define function:

def func(x, A, B, C):
return (A*cos(x)*cos(x) + B*sin(x)*sin(x) + 2*C*sin(x)*cos(x))**2

I must make an initial guess for my parameters:

a = 0.009 
b = 0.3 
c = 0.3 

Then create a model to fit my function:

func_model = Model(func)

Fit the function to input data, with initial guesses (A = a, B = b, C = c):

result = func_model.fit(data, x=axis, A = a, B = b, C = c) 
fitted_vals = result.best_values #dictionary structure
Afit = fitted_vals['A']
Bfit = fitted_vals['B']
Cfit = fitted_vals['C']

How can I make sure that the ratio of Afit to Bfit is pi/4 times some integer?

If it's not possible, is anyone aware of software that has this capability?

Answer 1

The problem with the standard fit is the estimate of the Jacobian. If a parameter is discrete the derivative is zero almost everywhere. A workaround might be that one uses leastsq with a self defined residual function and additionally providing the derivatives. One can set the parameter discrete in the residual function but let it be continuous in the derivative. I'm not saying that this is the general solution to this type of problem, but in case of the OP's function, it works quite OK.

Edit - Code would be:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import leastsq

def f0( x, A, B, C ):
    return ( A * np.cos( x )**2 + B * np.sin( x )**2 + 2 * C * np.sin( x ) * np.cos( x ) )

def func(x, A, B, C):
    return f0( x, A, B, C )**2

a = 0.009
b = 0.3
c = 0.4

xList = np.linspace( -1, 6, 500 )
yList = np.fromiter( ( func( x, a, b, c ) for x in xList ), np.float )


def residuals( p, x, y ):
    return func(x, p[0], int(p[1]) * np.pi / 2. * p[0], p[2] ) - y

def dfunc( p, x, y ):     #Derivative
    return [ 
        f0( x, p[0], int( p[1] ) * np.pi / 2. * p[0] , p[2] ) * ( np.cos( x )**2 + p[1] * np.pi / 2. * np.sin( x )**2 ),
        f0( x, p[0], int( p[1] ) * np.pi / 2. * p[0] , p[2] ) * ( p[0] * np.pi / 2.* np.sin( x )**2 ),
        f0( x, p[0], int( p[1] ) * np.pi / 2. * p[0] , p[2] ) * ( 2 * np.sin( x ) * np.cos( x ) ),
     ]

plsq, cov, infodict, mesg, ier = leastsq( residuals, [ 0.009, .3/.01, .4 ], args=( xList, yList ), Dfun=dfunc, col_deriv=1, full_output=True )

fit = func(xList, plsq[0], int( plsq[1] ) * np.pi / 2. * plsq[0],  plsq[2] )
print plsq
print int( plsq[1] ) 
fig1 = plt.figure( 1, figsize=( 6, 4 ), dpi=80 )
ax = fig1.add_subplot( 1, 1, 1 )
ax.plot( xList, yList )
ax.plot( xList, fit, ls='--')
plt.show()

Providing:

>>[8.68421935e-03 2.22248626e+01 4.00032135e-01]
>>22

Answer 2

我认为答案是否定的。scipy.optimize中的求解器优化lmfit换行不支持离散变量，仅支持连续变量。