Python 从正态分布生成随机麦克斯韦分布

Question

I have a set of data that follows a normal distribution in which I can fit the histogram and obtain the mean and sigma.

For the sake of example, I will approximate it by generating a random normal distribution as follows:

from scipy.stats import maxwell
import math
import random
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import norm
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
from IPython import embed # put embed() where you want to stop
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker

    data = random.gauss(307, 16)
    N, bins, patches = plt.hist(data, bins=40, density=True, alpha=0.5, histtype='bar', ec='black')
    mu, std = norm.fit(data)
    xmin, xmax = plt.xlim()
    x = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, 100)
    p = norm.pdf(x, mu, std)
    plt.plot(x, p, 'k', linewidth=2, label= r'$\mu$ = '+'{:0.1f}'.format(mu)+r' $\pm$ '+'{:0.1f}'.format(std))

What I would like to do next is to generate a Maxwell distribution from this "normal" distribution and be able to fit

I have read scipy.stats.maxwell webpage and several other related questions but was not able to generate such a distribution from "a gauss distribution" and fit it. Any help would much appreciate it.

Answer 1

Well, knowing that each Maxwell is distribution of the absolute value of the molecule velocity, where each component is normally distributed, you could make sampling like code below

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.stats import maxwell

def maxw(size = None):
    """Generates size samples of maxwell"""
    vx = np.random.normal(size=size)
    vy = np.random.normal(size=size)
    vz = np.random.normal(size=size)
    return np.sqrt(vx*vx + vy*vy + vz*vz)

mdata = maxw(100000)
h, bins = np.histogram(mdata, bins = 101, range=(0.0, 10.0))

x = np.linspace(0.0, 10.0, 100)
rv = maxwell()

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

ax.hist(mdata, bins = bins, density=True)
ax.plot(x, rv.pdf(x), 'k-', lw=2, label='Maxwell pdf')
plt.title("Maxwell")
plt.show()

And here is the picture with sampling and Maxwell PDF overlapped