您能否使 python 脚本在导入时和直接运行时表现不同？

Question

I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example:

def parseData(filename):
    # data parsing code here
    return data

def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction():
    print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4)

the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

Answer 1

The standard way to do this is to guard the code that should be only run when the script is called stand-alone by

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Your main script code

The code after this if won't be run if the module is imported.

The __name__ special variable contains the name of the current module as a string. If your file is called glonk.py , then __name__ will be "glonk" if the the file is imported as a module and it will be "__main__" if the file is run as a stand-alone script.