OpenGL中未绘制顶点

Question

I've been having trouble drawing a simple vertex-specified (box-like) teapot model using shaders with some input for translation and rotation. I've checked my gl code and matrices (object position on -z, camera at origin, etc) over and over and don't see why I'm still just getting a blank screen. to keep the code short, I've just put in the code for the basic cube of my model (once I at least get that I'll be fine).

namespace TeapotViewer{

class TeapotViewer{

private:
    void intitialize();
    void draw();
    void reshape(int h, int w);
    void keyHandle(unsigned char key, int x, int y);
    void initCamera();
    void reset();
    void changeAxis();
    void rotateOnAxis(float rot);
    int createCube(int i);

public:

};

}

#include "TeapotViewer.h"

using namespace glm;

const int S_WIDTH = 800;
const int S_HEIGHT = 600;
const float FOV = 100;
const float P_NEAR = 0.2;
const float P_FAR = 20.0;
const float SPOUT_WIDTH = 0.025;
const float HANDLE_WIDTH = 0.15;
const float ZERO = 0.0;
const int numberOfVertices = 104;
const int noCubeSide = 10;
const int noCubeFace = 4;
const int noLine = 2;

mat4 modelxViewMatrix, projMatrix, viewMatrix, rotationMatrix, translationMatrix;
vec3 rotationAxis;
vec3 teapotPosition  = vec3(0.0, 0.0,-3.0);

const vec3 cameraPosition = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
const vec3 cameraDirection = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
const vec3 cameraUp = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

vec4 vertices[numberOfVertices];
GLuint refVertexArray;
GLuint refVertexBuffer;
GLuint refUniformModelxView;
GLuint refUniformProjection;

const vec4 body[] = {

    vec4(-1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0), vec4(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
    vec4( 1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0), vec4( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
    vec4( 1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0), vec4( 1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0),
    vec4(-1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0), vec4(-1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0)
};

const vec3 xAxis = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

const vec3 yAxis = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

const vec3 zAxis = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

// draw callback
void draw(){

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    translationMatrix = translate(mat4(), teapotPosition);

    modelxViewMatrix = viewMatrix*translationMatrix*rotationMatrix;

    glUniformMatrix4fv(refUniformModelxView, 1, &modelxViewMatrix[0][0]);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(refUniformProjection, 1, &projMatrix[0][0]);
    void drawTeapot();

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

void drawTeapot(){

    int bufferIndex = 0;
    // draw cube
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeSide);
    bufferIndex += noCubeSide;
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeFace);
    bufferIndex += noCubeFace;
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeFace);
    bufferIndex += noCubeFace;


    // draw the axis of rotation
    if (rotationAxis == xAxis){

        glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine);
        bufferIndex += noLine;
    }
    if (rotationAxis == yAxis){

        bufferIndex += noLine;
        glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine);
        bufferIndex += noLine;
    }
    if (rotationAxis == zAxis){

        bufferIndex += noLine*2;
        glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine);
        bufferIndex += noLine; 

    }  
}

// reset back to the start
void reset(){

    teapotPosition = vec3(0.0, 0.0,-3.0);

    rotationMatrix = mat4();

}

void changeAxis(){

    if(rotationAxis == xAxis)
        rotationAxis = yAxis;
    else
    if(rotationAxis == yAxis)
        rotationAxis = zAxis;
    else
        rotationAxis = xAxis;
}

void rotateOnAxis(float rot){

    rotationMatrix = rotate(rotationMatrix, rot, rotationAxis);
}




// handle keypress
void keyHandle(unsigned char key, int x, int y){

    switch(key){

        case 033:
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            break;
        case '0':
            reset();
            break;
        case 'a':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0);
            break;
        case 'd':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.1, 0.0, 0.0);
            break;
        case 'w':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.1, 0.0);
            break;
        case 's':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, -0.1, 0.0);
            break;
        case 'q':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.0, -0.1);
            break;
        case 'e':
            teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.1);
            break;
        case 'j':
            changeAxis();
            break;
        case 'k':
            rotateOnAxis(-5.0);
            break;
        case 'l':
            rotateOnAxis(5.0);
            break;
    }

    glutPostRedisplay();
}


void reshape(int h, int w){

    glViewport(0, 0, h, w);

}

void initCamera(){

    viewMatrix = lookAt(cameraDirection, cameraPosition, cameraUp);
    projMatrix = perspective(FOV, (float)S_WIDTH/(float)S_HEIGHT, P_NEAR, P_FAR);
    reset();
}




int createCube(int i){

    // sides of the cube
    vertices[i++] = body[0];
    vertices[i++] = body[1];
    vertices[i++] = body[2];
    vertices[i++] = body[3];
    vertices[i++] = body[4];
    vertices[i++] = body[5];
    vertices[i++] = body[6];
    vertices[i++] = body[7];
    vertices[i++] = body[0];
    vertices[i++] = body[1];

    // top
    vertices[i++] = body[0];
    vertices[i++] = body[2];
    vertices[i++] = body[4];
    vertices[i++] = body[6];

    //bottom
    vertices[i++] = body[1];
    vertices[i++] = body[3];
    vertices[i++] = body[5];
    vertices[i++] = body[7];

    std::cout << i << '\n';

    return i;

}

int createAxes(int i){

    // X axis
    vertices[i++] = vec4( 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vertices[i++] = vec4(-2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

    // Y axis
    vertices[i++] = vec4( 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    vertices[i++] = vec4( 0.0,-2.0, 0.0, 1.0);

    // Z axis
    vertices[i++] = vec4( 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0);
    vertices[i++] = vec4( 0.0, 0.0,-2.0, 1.0);

    std::cout << i << '\n';

    return i;
}

// Initialize 
void initialize(){

    // generate vertex data
    int i = 0; 
    i = createCube(i);
    i = createAxes(i);

    if(i != numberOfVertices){

        std::cout << "Error creating vertex data: check vertex count\n";
        std::exit(0);
    }

    // set 
    initCamera();

    // load shader and activate shader
    GLuint refVertexShader = Angel::InitShader("Vertex_Shader.glsl", "Fragment_Shader.glsl");
    glUseProgram(refVertexShader);

    // create and activate a new vertex array object (vao)
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &refVertexArray);
    glBindVertexArray(refVertexArray);

    // create and activate a new buffer array object in the vao
    glGenBuffers(1, &refVertexBuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, refVertexBuffer);

    // load vertex data into the buffer array
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // load postion pipeline variable
    GLuint refVec4Position = glGetAttribLocation(refVertexShader, "Position");
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(refVec4Position);
    glVertexAttribPointer(refVec4Position, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));

    // get pointers for uniform variables in shader program
    refUniformModelxView = glGetUniformLocation(refVertexShader, "ModelxView");
    refUniformProjection = glGetUniformLocation(refVertexShader, "Projection");

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); 

    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(S_WIDTH, S_HEIGHT );
    glutCreateWindow("TeapotViewer");

    glewInit();

    initialize();

    glutDisplayFunc(draw);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyHandle);

    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

vertex shader

#version 150
uniform mat4 ModelxView;
uniform mat4 Projection;
in vec4 Position;


void main()
{
    gl_Position = Projection*ModelxView*Position;
}

fragment shader

     #version 150
out vec4 fColor;

void main()
{
    fColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}

Answer 1

Not sure about this, as I'm not sure what's going on in Angel:: behind the scenes, but is it correct to output fColor from your fragment shader? I thought in glsl 150 it expects the special variable gl_FragColor , unless Angel does something specific to mitigate this.

I looked at this for a while but I don't see anything else that would cause a problem. Unfortunately I think if you're really stuck you might have to start writing a simpler example (no functions, just a straight rundown of initialization through rendering of a triangle).

Also make sure glGetError is called at least once per draw() loop to make sure it's not missing anything. Does Angel throw an exception on link/compilation failure?

Answer 2

Hmm, how about this:

viewMatrix = lookAt(cameraDirection, cameraPosition, cameraUp);

Is this the same lookAt as gluLookAt? In that function the prototype is (position, lookAtPoint, cameraUp) , which is backwards of what you've got.