C++: “Low Level” reading .csv data into a structure , and putting it into a sruct array

Question

I have to read in values separated by ";" from a csv file...types are int;char[];char[];char[],float eg: I have to assemble them in a new struct type and then insert them into a struct array of that type... SAMPLE FILE:

2345678;Meier;Hans;12.10.1985;2.4;      
1234567;Müller;Fritz;17.05.1990;1.9;
8392019;Thomas;Kretschmer;28.3.1920;2.5;
3471144;Mensch;Arbeit;29.2.2013;4.5;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.1;
7584932;Bau;Maschine;02.02.2010;2.3;
2345678;Meier;Hans;12.10.1985;2.4;      
1234567;Müller;Fritz;17.05.1990;1.9;
8392019;Thomas;Kretschmer;28.3.1920;2.5;
3471144;Mensch;Arbeit;29.2.2013;4.5;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.2;
7584932;Bau;Maschine;02.02.2010;2.3;
2345678;Meier;Hans;12.10.1985;2.4;      
1234567;Müller;Fritz;17.05.1990;1.9;
8392019;Thomas;Kretschmer;28.3.1920;2.5;
3471144;Mensch;Arbeit;29.2.2013;4.5;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.1;
7584932;Bau;Maschine;02.02.2010;2.3;
2345678;Meier;Hans;12.10.1985;2.4;      
1234567;Müller;Fritz;17.05.1990;1.9;
8392019;Thomas;Kretschmer;28.3.1920;2.5;
3471144;Mensch;Arbeit;29.2.2013;4.5;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.0;
7584932;doof;doof;02.02.2010;2.3;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.0;
7584932;doof;doof;02.02.2010;2.3;
2039482;Test;Test;30.20.2031;2.0;
7584932;doof;doof;02.02.2010;2.3;  

I wrote some code, it all worked fine and output is shown correctly, however the last line from the file is not parsed correctly, it shows me some rubbish, here is my Code:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct Stud{
        long matrnr;
        char vorname[30];
        char name[30];
        char datum[30];
        float note;
    };

    const int MAX = 30;
    Stud stud;  
    Stud mystud[30]; // <<-- Array of "Stud" type
    //memset((void*)mystud,0,sizeof(mystud) * sizeof(Stud));
    int wordCounter(0);
    int i(0); //thats the charCounter or index
    int studentCounter(0);
    char wort[MAX];
    //int matrnr;
    //char vorname[MAX];
    //char name[MAX];
    //char datum[MAX];
    //float note;


  FILE * pFile;
  int cnr(0); 


  pFile=fopen("studentendaten.txt","r");  
  if (pFile==nullptr) 
  {
      perror ("Fehler beim öffnen der Datei");
  }

  else
  {       
    while (cnr != EOF) 
    {       
        (cnr=fgetc(pFile)) ;


        if ((char)cnr == '\n') {
            mystud[studentCounter] = stud;
            studentCounter++;                       
            continue;           
        }

        if ((char)cnr == ';') { 

            wort[i] = '\0'; 

            switch (wordCounter % 5) {

                case 0:             
                stud.matrnr = atol(wort);
                break;

                case 1:
                strcpy(stud.name, wort);
                break;

                case 2:
                strcpy(stud.vorname, wort);
                break;

                case 3:
                strcpy(stud.datum,wort);
                break;

                case 4:
                stud.note = atof(wort); 
                break;
            }       

            wordCounter++;          
            i = 0;
            continue;
        }

        if (wordCounter %  5 == 0 && (char)cnr != ';') {        
        wort[i] = (char)cnr;
        i++;
        //stud.matrnr = atol(wort);
        }           

        if (wordCounter % 5 == 1) {
            wort[i] =  (char)cnr;
            i++;
        //strcpy(stud.name, wort);
        }

        if (wordCounter % 5 == 2) {
            wort[i] = (char)cnr;
            i++;
            //strcpy(stud.vorname, wort);
        }

        if (wordCounter % 5 == 3) {
            wort[i] = (char)cnr;
            i++;
            //strcpy(stud.datum,wort);
        }

        if (wordCounter % 5 == 4) {
            wort[i] = (char)cnr;
            i++;
            //stud.note = atof(wort);                       
        }

    }           

    fclose (pFile);
}
for (int i(0) ; i <= studentCounter; i++) {
cout <<mystud[i].matrnr << "    " << mystud[i].name << "    " << mystud[i].vorname <<"    " 
<< mystud[i].datum <<"    " << mystud[i].note << endl;
  //printf("%5ld        %5s      %5s     %5s     %5f     \n",mystud[i].matrnr,mystud[i].name,mystud[i].vorname,mystud[i].datum,mystud[i].note);

}

    return 0;
}

only when I put

mystud[studentCounter] = stud;
    fclose (pFile);
}

it reads in the last line.. it should do it in the code above already, but I can't find the error...

moreover, I have to separate my program in different parts... different header classes and a main class where it comes all together... any suggestions how I should separate my program ?

Answer 1

In my opinion, you should start by making up your mind whether you're trying to do this in C, or C++. You've tagged it as C++, but although it has a few things that look vaguely C++ish, the code strikes me as a lot more C than C++ overall.

If I were doing this in C++, I'd start by writing a small ctype facet that classified semicolons as white-space:

struct field_reader: std::ctype<char> {

    field_reader(): std::ctype<char>(get_table()) {}

    static std::ctype_base::mask const* get_table() {
        static std::vector<std::ctype_base::mask> 
            rc(table_size, std::ctype_base::mask());

        rc[';'] = std::ctype_base::space;
        return &rc[0];
    }
};

With that in place, reading the data itself becomes trivial:

struct Stud{
    long matrnr;
    std::string vorname;
    std::string name;
    std::string datum;
    float note;

    friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Stud &s) { 
        return is >> s.matrnr >> s.vorname >> s.name >> s.datum >> s.note;
    }

    // we'll also add an operator<< to support printing these out:
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Stud const &s) { 
        return os << s.matrnr  << "\t"
                  << s.vorname << "\t"
                  << s.name    << "\t"
                  >> s.datum   << "\t"
                  << s.note;
    }
};

Rather than using an array, we really want to use a std::vector to hold those, and we can use a pair of std::istream_iterator s to read the data from the file into the vector:

// Open the file:
std::ifstream in("studentendaten.txt");

// Use the ctype facet we defined above to classify `;` as white-space:
in.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new field_reader);

// read all the data into the vector:
std::vector<Stud> studs{std::istream_iterator<Stud>(in),
                        std::istream_iterator<Stud>()};

// show what we read:
for (auto s : studs) 
    std::cout << s << "\n";