I'm trying to use the example code from https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/layer-kml (with a few modifications, like lat/long) but every time I try to run it, it says google is undefined. As a programmer, I'm pretty green-how do I fix it/prevent it, and what does it mean?
Because it is, you need to get Goggle's API first:
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=API_KEY"></script>
...
<script>
/* Code Here */
</script>
Look here for how to get an API key in the developers guide.
If you look at the HTML+JavaScript notice they included the API at the top:
<script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp"></script>
In the link you sent, there's a section called "Getting Started": https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/tutorial
In there you will find out that a basic structure of a HTML page that is going to work with the API functionalities needs a declaration of the Javascript containing the API code (ie, this code will also provide this 'google' object that you need).
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/tutorial#Loading_the_Maps_API
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=API_KEY">
</script>
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