UPDATE if exists else INSERT in SQL

Question

I'm trying to implement a SQL query to "UPDATE if exists else INSERT"

My table( Allowance ) is as below:

EmployeeID int(8) PK
Year year(4) PK
Month int(2) PK
OverTime decimal(10,2)
Medical decimal(10,2)
Lunch decimal(10,2)
Bonus decimal(10,2)
Allowance decimal(10,2)

Below is the SQL query I tried:

IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Allowance WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = 2014 and Month = 4)
    UPDATE Allowance
    SET OverTime = 10.00, Medical = 10.00, Lunch = 10.45, Bonus =10.10, Allowance = 40.55
    WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = 2014 and Month = 4
ELSE
    INSERT into Allowance values (10000001,2014,4,10.00,10.00,10.45,10.10,40.55)

I keep getting this error message:

"#1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Allowance WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = 2014 an' at line 1 "

Can somebody please help??

Answer 1

The below query will fulfill your requirement.

INSERT INTO `ALLOWANCE` (`EmployeeID`, `Year`, `Month`, `OverTime`,`Medical`,
`Lunch`, `Bonus`, `Allowance`) values (10000001, 2014, 4, 10.00, 10.00,
10.45, 10.10, 40.55) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `EmployeeID` = 10000001

Answer 2

Further to Gunaseelan's answer (answering questions I had myself, that I needed to look up) :

INSERT INTO `ALLOWANCE` (`EmployeeID`, `Year`, `Month`, `OverTime`,`Medical`,
`Lunch`, `Bonus`, `Allowance`) values (10000001, 2014, 4, 10.00, 10.00,
10.45, 10.10, 40.55) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `OverTime`=10.00, `Medical`=10.00, `Lunch`=10.45, `Bonus`=10.10, `Allowance`=40.55;

1. Don't forget the trailing semicolon (like I did) ;

2. WHERE is not required - it knows which record is the duplicate

3. Also no need to mention the tablename again - that was provided in first half

Here is a page that explains the syntax in more detail:

https://chartio.com/resources/tutorials/how-to-insert-if-row-does-not-exist-upsert-in-mysql/#using-insert--on-duplicate-key-update

Answer 3

No need to write custom SQL for this. MySQL already has INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE which does exactly same thing.

If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE , and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY , an UPDATE of the old row is performed.

Please read URL for more details.

Answer 4

With this procedure you can check if exist or not and then update/insert as you want

 DELIMITER $$;   
 CREATE PROCEDURE example()

BEGIN
DECLARE vexist int;

  SELECT count(*) into vexist FROM Allowance --count because i will
  WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = 2014 and Month = 4;  --this will check if exist or not

    IF (vexist >= 1) then  --if exist then update
    UPDATE Allowance
        SET OverTime = 10.00, Medical = 10.00, Lunch = 10.45, Bonus =10.10, Allowance = 40.55
        WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = 2014 and Month = 4;
    ELSE
      INSERT into Allowance values (10000001,2014,4,10.00,10.00,10.45,10.10,40.55);
END IF;
END $$
DELIMITER ;

You have to call the procedure now:

call example();

Note: This will solve you solution as for now, but it's not the best idea since procedures are intended to get used in the future aswell, so i'll give you an improved version where in the future you will be able to update/insert by just invoking the procedure and wrinting your inserts values.

DELIMITER $$;   
     CREATE PROCEDURE example(
IN
vempid int(8),
vyear year(4), 
vmonth int(2),
vovertime float(10,2),
vmedical float(10,2),
vlunch float(10,2),
vbonus float(10,2),
vallowance float(10,2))

    BEGIN
    DECLARE vexist int;

      SELECT count(*) into vexist FROM Allowance --count because i will
      WHERE EmployeeID =vemp and Year = vyear and Month = vmonth;  --this will check if exist or not

        IF (vexist >= 1) then  --if exist then update
        UPDATE Allowance
            SET OverTime = vovertime, Medical = vmedical, Lunch = vlunch, Bonus = vbonus, Allowance = vallowabce
            WHERE EmployeeID =10000001 and Year = vyear and Month = vmonth;
        ELSE
          INSERT INTO `ALLOWANCE` (`EmployeeID`, `Year`, `Month`, `OverTime`,`Medical`,`Lunch`, `Bonus`, `Allowance`) values (vempid,vyear,vmonth,vovertime,vmedical,vlunch,vbonus,vallowance);
    END IF;
    END $$
    DELIMITER ;

And invoking (with the correct parameters order):

call example2(10000001,2014,4,10.00,10.00,10.45,10.10,40.5);

Answer 5

SELECT IF (EXISTS()) instead of IF EXISTS()

Usage of MySQL's "IF EXISTS"