With a list that looks something like:
cell_lines = ["LN18_CENTRAL_NERVOUS_SYSTEM","769P_KIDNEY","786O_KIDNEY"]
With my dabbling in regular expressions, I can't figure out a compelling way to search individual strings in a list besides looping through each element and performing the search.
How can I retrieve indices containing "KIDNEY" in an efficient way (since I have a list of length thousands)?
Make a list comprehension :
[line for line in cell_lines if "KIDNEY" in line]
This is O(n)
since we check every item in a list to contain KIDNEY
.
If you would need to make similar queries like this often, you should probably think about reorganizing your data and have a dictionary grouped by categories like KIDNEY
:
{
"KIDNEY": ["769P_KIDNEY","786O_KIDNEY"],
"NERVOUS_SYSTEM": ["LN18_CENTRAL_NERVOUS_SYSTEM"]
}
In this case, every "by category" lookup would take "constant" time.
You can use a set
instead of a list
since it performs lookups in constant time.
from bisect import bisect_left
def bi_contains(lst, item):
""" efficient `item in lst` for sorted lists """
# if item is larger than the last its not in the list, but the bisect would
# find `len(lst)` as the index to insert, so check that first. Else, if the
# item is in the list then it has to be at index bisect_left(lst, item)
return (item <= lst[-1]) and (lst[bisect_left(lst, item)] == item)
Slightly modifying the above code will give you pretty good efficiency.
Here's a list of the data structures available in Python along with the time complexities.
https://wiki.python.org/moin/TimeComplexity
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