Hibernate, Spring, PostgreSQL - column index is out of range

Question

I have problem with persisting simple data structure into database.

Each message could has multiple message receivers. Everything I need is to save in database Message and MessageReceivers (MR). MR has column named fk_message_id which should be filled with message_id (M) automatically.

In database (PostgreSQL) tables are created with SQL code:

CREATE TABLE public.message
(
 message_id integer NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('message_message_id_seq'::regclass),
 fk_author_id integer NOT NULL,
 topic text NOT NULL,
 text text NOT NULL,
 audit_cd timestamp without time zone NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
 audit_md timestamp without time zone,
 CONSTRAINT message_pkey PRIMARY KEY (message_id)
)

CREATE TABLE public.message_receiver
(
 fk_message_id integer NOT NULL,
 fk_user_id integer NOT NULL,
 is_read boolean NOT NULL,
 read_date timestamp without time zone,
 audit_cd timestamp without time zone NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
 autid_md timestamp without time zone,
 CONSTRAINT message_receiver_pkey PRIMARY KEY (fk_message_id, fk_user_id),
 CONSTRAINT message_receiver_fk_message_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (fk_message_id)
  REFERENCES public.message (message_id) MATCH SIMPLE
  ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
)

Message.java

@Entity
@Table(name="message")
public class Message implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="message_message_id_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="message_message_id_seq", sequenceName="message_message_id_seq", allocationSize=1)
@Column(name="message_id")
private Long id;

@NotNull
@Column(name="fk_author_id")
private Long author;

@OneToMany
@Cascade(CascadeType.PERSIST)
@JoinColumn(name="fk_message_id", nullable = false)
private List<MessageReceiver> receivers;

@NotNull
@Column(name="topic")
private String topic;

@NotNull
@Column(name="text")
private String text;

@NotNull
@Column(name="audit_cd")
@Convert(converter=PersistentLocalDateTime.class)
private LocalDateTime sendDate;

...getters, setters, constructors...
}

MessageReceiver.java

@Entity
@Table(name="message_receiver")
public class MessageReceiver implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 2L;

@Id
@Column(name="fk_message_id")
private Long messageId;

@Id
@Column(name="fk_user_id")
private Long receiverId;

@NotNull
@Column(name="is_read")
private Boolean isRead;

@Column(name="read_date")
@Convert(converter = PersistentLocalDateTime.class)
private LocalDateTime readDate;

...getters, setters, constructors...
}

When I try to save message with receivers I get:

Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: could not insert: [com.example.foldermessage.model.MessageReceiver]; SQL [insert into message_receiver (is_read, read_date, fk_message_id, fk_user_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?)]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.DataException: could not insert: [com.example.foldermessage.model.MessageReceiver]] with root cause

org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The column index is out of range: 5, number of columns: 4.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.SimpleParameterList.bind(SimpleParameterList.java:68) ~[postgresql-9.4.1211.jar:9.4.1211]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.SimpleParameterList.setNull(SimpleParameterList.java:157) ~[postgresql-9.4.1211.jar:9.4.1211]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgPreparedStatement.setNull(PgPreparedStatement.java:287) ~[postgresql-9.4.1211.jar:9.4.1211]
at org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder.bind(BasicBinder.java:61) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.type.AbstractStandardBasicType.nullSafeSet(AbstractStandardBasicType.java:257) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.type.AbstractStandardBasicType.nullSafeSet(AbstractStandardBasicType.java:252) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.type.ComponentType.nullSafeSet(ComponentType.java:343) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.dehydrateId(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2636) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.dehydrate(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2604) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2883) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3386) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:89) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:560) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:434) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.9.Final.jar:5.0.9.Final]

I use JpaRepository to perform saving operation:

@Repository
public interface MessageRepository extends JpaRepository<Message, Long> {}

Insert query seems ok and I can't see any error in it.

I also have tried change MR entity ids into composite key with @IdClass annotation and @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn. Those attempts didn't help.

Answer 1

I found temporary solution.

1. First I enabled DDL spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create (or update) to generate schema automatically.

2. In previous solution message_receiver has primary key fk_message_id, fk_user_id . Main purpose of this composite key was to prevent sending same message twice or more times to the one user.

I decided to put generated value instead of composite key. Constraint about message uniqueness could be realized by adding UNIQUE CONSTRAINT on PostgreSQL level.

MessageReceiver.java

@Entity
@Table(name="message_receiver")
public class MessageReceiver implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
@Column(name="message_receiver_id")
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="message_receiver_id_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="message_receiver_id_seq", sequenceName="message_receiver_id_seq", allocationSize=1)
private Long messageReceiverId;

@NotNull
@Column(name="fk_message_id")
private Long messageId;

@NotNull
@Column(name="fk_user_id")
private Long receiverId;

@NotNull
@Column(name="is_read")
private Boolean isRead;

@Column(name="read_date")
@Convert(converter = PersistentLocalDateTime.class)
private LocalDateTime readDate;

..getters, setters..

Message.java

@Entity
@Table(name="message")
public class Message implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="message_message_id_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="message_message_id_seq", sequenceName="message_message_id_seq", allocationSize=1)
@Column(name="message_id")
private Long id;

@NotNull
@Column(name="fk_author_id")
private Long author;

@OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REMOVE})
@JoinColumn(name="fk_message_id")
private List<MessageReceiver> receivers = new ArrayList<>();

@NotNull
@Column(name="topic")
private String topic;

@NotNull
@Column(name="text")
private String text;

@NotNull
@Column(name="audit_cd")
@Convert(converter=PersistentLocalDateTime.class)
private LocalDateTime sendDate;

..getters, setters..

Now, I'm curious why first solution doesn't work and how to make it work. I tried mix of @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn, @IdClass, @OneToMany(mappedBy), @JoinColumn(nullable, insertable, updatable).

When I enable DDL (create) Hibernate generate same table as I put at the beginning. It means that it isn't problem with inappropriate table structure.

If changing strategy of generating primary key helped then probably saving composite key caused errors. In logs I often saw that Hibernate add to entity *_IdBackref . Maybe it try save/map this id into database but the column for it isn't prepared.

I'll post final solution if I'll find it.