Rails: How to check if jsonb column is empty Postgres

Question

I am having trouble checking when the jsonb column of my table is empty.

My column directions when empty has value "{}"

Tried the following

Model.where("directions != '{}'") <- brings all
Model.where("directions <@ '{}'") <- brings all

is there any other way that i am not aware of? Using postgresql 9.6

Answer 1

Model.where.not(directions: '{}')

Answer 2

Model.where.not("directions::text = ?", "{}")

Answer 3

尝试使用.not否定查询：

Model.where.not("directions = '{}'")