I'm new to django thus the question. I've the following Feed object and an User object which have a many-to-many relationship
class Feed(Base):
headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)
link = models.CharField(max_length=255)
summary = models.TextField()
reader = models.ManyToManyField(User, through='Bookmark')
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
email = models.EmailField(unique=True, max_length=255)
mobile = PhoneNumberField(null=True)
username = models.CharField(null=True, unique=True, max_length=255)
full_name = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
The two are related using the Bookmark object.
class Bookmark(Base):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
feed = models.ForeignKey(Feed, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
My question is,
How do I add a bookmark(or rather feed) to the user?
How do I fetch all the feeds the User has bookmarked?
Any help appreciated.
This is a good example for your problem
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.name
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.name
class Membership(models.Model):
person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
date_joined = models.DateField()
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
For this models, if you want to add memberships, you do this:
>>> ringo = Person.objects.create(name="Ringo Starr")
>>> paul = Person.objects.create(name="Paul McCartney")
>>> beatles = Group.objects.create(name="The Beatles")
>>> m1 = Membership(person=ringo, group=beatles,
... date_joined=date(1962, 8, 16),
... invite_reason="Needed a new drummer.")
>>> m1.save()
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>]>
>>> ringo.group_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Group: The Beatles>]>
>>> m2 = Membership.objects.create(person=paul, group=beatles,
... date_joined=date(1960, 8, 1),
... invite_reason="Wanted to form a band.")
>>> beatles.members.all()
<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>]>
Unlike normal many-to-many fields, you can't use add(), create(), or set() to create relationships:
>>> # The following statements will not work
>>> beatles.members.add(john)
>>> beatles.members.create(name="George Harrison")
>>> beatles.members.set([john, paul, ringo, george])
You can see this better in Django Docs
Well, let's start from the beginning.
As you probably know, when you generate M2M rels with Django, you use the ManyToManyField
. If you do not care about M2M table details, Django will manage it for you. If you want to specify the intermediary table you can use ManyToManyField.through
. Exactly as you did. I'm going to semplify your model for explanation purposes. Something like this:
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(null=True, unique=True, max_length=255)
class Feed(models.Model):
headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)
reader = models.ManyToManyField(User, through='Bookmark')
class Bookmark(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
feed = models.ForeignKey(Feed, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
Let's start Django interactive shell. I assume you have an empty database.
$ django manage.py shell
First of all import your models
>>> from yourAppName.models import *
Now, create some data:
>>> from bat.models import *
>>> u1 = User(username = 'foo')
>>> u1.save()
>>> u2 = User(username = 'bar')
>>> u2.save()
>>> User.objects.all() # get Users u1 and u2
<QuerySet [<User: User object>, <User: User object>]>
>>> f1 = Feed(headline = 'How to use M2M in Django')
>>> f1.save()
>>> Feed.objects.all() # get Feed f1
<QuerySet [<Feed: Feed object>]>
- How do I add a bookmark (or rather feed) to the user?
In this case, you cannot use Feed.reader.add(u1)
, you have to use the Bookmark
's Manager since you specified that's your intermediary model.
>>> b1 = Bookmark(user=u1, feed = f1) # add Feed f1 to User u1
>>> b1.save() # save into database
We can also add another bookmark:
>>> f2 = Feed(headline = 'Fetching data in Django like a pro!')
>>> f2.save()
>>> b2 = Bookmark(user=u1, feed = f2) # add Feed f2 to User u1
>>> b2.save() # save into database
You are done! Now, we can check if everything is fine.
>>> brandNewBookMark = Bookmark.objects.all()[0] # get the first bookmark
>>> print(brandNewBookMark.user.username) # it's Foo!
foo
>>> print(brandNewBookMark.feed.headline) # Foo subscribed to f1!
u'How to use M2M in Django'
- How do I fetch all the feeds the User has bookmarked?
You can simply leverage the Feed.reader
field. Eg,
>>> for f in Feed.objects.filter(reader = u1):
... print(f.headline)
...
How to use M2M in Django
Fetching data in Django like a pro!
That's it! Further info here .
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