How to get records dynamically based on multiple filter criteria

Question

I have the below table:

Can you please help me how to get results for the below scenarios dynamically?

If I supply Emp = 1 and HeaderID = 123 and Status = Failed, it should return the results as follows:

If I supply Emp =1 and HeaderID = 111 and status = Failed, it should return the results as follows:

Thanks in advance, please.

Answer 1

I think you need one more column, such as time or extra id or amount, for ordering as you displayed the data. To provide this criteria I added a time column( time ) to your data as in the below demonstration :

with t(empid,headerid,status,time) as
(
 select 1,123,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:00:00' from dual union all
 select 1,321,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:10:00' from dual union all
 select 1,555,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:20:00' from dual union all
 select 1,111,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:30:00' from dual union all
 select 1,222,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:40:00' from dual union all
 select 2,333,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:50:00' from dual union all
 select 2,444,'Pending', '2019-06-22 18:00:00' from dual union all
 select 3,555,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 18:10:00' from dual 
), t2 as  
(
select sum(case when status = 'Failed' then 1 else 0 end) 
       over (partition by empid order by time) as rn,
       t.*
  from t
) 
select *
  from t2
 where (rn, empid) in 
          ( select rn, empid 
              from t2 
             where empid = &i_empid -- 1 
               and headerid = &i_headerid -- 123
               and status = 'Failed' )
 order by time;

you can substitute 1 & 123 or 1 & 111 or 2 & 333 or 3 & 555 respectively, as you wish.

Demo

Edit ( due to your comment ) :

If you want to return the first row with Pending status just after the one with Failed status you can try to use :

with t(empid,headerid,status,time) as
(
 select 1,123,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:00:00' from dual union all
 select 1,321,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:10:00' from dual union all
 select 1,555,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:20:00' from dual union all
 select 1,111,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:30:00' from dual union all
 select 1,222,'Pending', '2019-06-22 17:40:00' from dual union all
 select 2,333,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 17:50:00' from dual union all
 select 2,444,'Pending', '2019-06-22 18:00:00' from dual union all
 select 3,555,'Failed' , '2019-06-22 18:10:00' from dual 
), t2 as  
(
select sum(case when status = 'Failed' then 1 else 0 end) 
       over (partition by empid order by time) as rn,     
       t.*
  from t
), t3 as
(
select t2.*,
       row_number() over (partition by empid,rn,status order by time) as rn2      
  from t2
)
select *
  from t3
 where (rn,rn2, empid) in 
          ( select rn,rn2, empid 
              from t3 
             where empid = 1--&i_empid
               and headerid = 123 -- &i_headerid
               and status = 'Failed'
                )
   and status = 'Pending';

again you can substitute the same values used in the above query.