Include constant in string without concatenating

Question

Is there a way in PHP to include a constant in a string without concatenating?

define('MY_CONSTANT', 42);

echo "This is my constant: MY_CONSTANT";

Answer 1

No.

With Strings, there is no way for PHP to tell string data apart from constant identifiers. This goes for any of the string formats in PHP, including heredoc.

constant() is an alternative way to get hold of a constant, but a function call can't be put into a string without concatenation either.

Manual on constants in PHP

Answer 2

Yes it is (in some way ;) ):

define('FOO', 'bar');

$test_string = sprintf('This is a %s test string', FOO);

This is probably not what you were aiming for, but I think, technically this is not concatenation but a substitution and from this assumption, it includes a constant in a string without concatenating .

Answer 3

To use constants inside strings you can use the following method:

define( 'ANIMAL', 'turtles' ); 
$constant = 'constant';

echo "I like {$constant('ANIMAL')}";

---

---

How does this work?

You can use any string function name and arbitrary parameters

One can place any function name in a variable and call it with parameters inside a double-quoted string. Works with multiple parameters too.

$fn = 'substr';

echo "I like {$fn('turtles!', 0, -1)}";

Produces

I like turtles

Anonymous functions too

You can also use anonymous functions provided you're running PHP 5.3+.

$escape   = function ( $string ) {
    return htmlspecialchars( (string) $string, ENT_QUOTES, 'utf-8' );
};
$userText = "<script>alert('xss')</script>";
echo( "You entered {$escape( $userText )}" );

Produces properly escaped html as expected.

Callback arrays not allowed!

If by now you are under the impression that the function name can be any callable, that's not the case, as an array that returns true when passed to is_callable would cause a fatal error when used inside a string:

class Arr
{

    public static function get( $array, $key, $default = null )
    {
        return is_array( $array ) && array_key_exists( $key, $array ) 
            ? $array[$key] 
            : $default;
    }
}

$fn = array( 'Arr', 'get' );
var_dump( is_callable( $fn ) ); // outputs TRUE

// following line throws Fatal error "Function name must be a string"
echo( "asd {$fn( array( 1 ), 0 )}" ); 

Keep in mind

This practice is ill-advised, but sometimes results in much more readable code, so it's up to you - the possibility is there.

Answer 4

define( 'FOO', 'bar');  
$FOO = FOO;  
$string = "I am too lazy to concatenate $FOO in my string";

Answer 5

define('FOO', 'bar');
$constants = create_function('$a', 'return $a;');
echo "Hello, my name is {$constants(FOO)}";

Answer 6

If you really want to echo constant without concatenation here is solution:

define('MY_CONST', 300);
echo 'here: ', MY_CONST, ' is a number';

note : in this example echo takes a number of parameters ( look at the commas ), so it isn't real concatenation

Echo behaves as a function, it takes more parameters, it is more efficient than concatenation, because it doesn't have to concatenate and then echo, it just echoes everything without the need of creating new String concatenated object :))

EDIT

Also if you consider concatenating strings, passings strings as parameters or writing whole strings with " , The , (comma version) is always fastest, next goes . (concatenation with ' single quotes) and the slowest string building method is using double quotes " , because expressions written this way have to be evaluated against declared variables and functions..

Answer 7

You could do:

define( 'FOO', 'bar' );

$constants = get_defined_constants(true); // the true argument categorizes the constants
$constants = $constants[ 'user' ]; // this gets only user-defined constants

echo "Hello, my name is {$constants['FOO']}";

Answer 8

The easiest way is

define('MY_CONSTANT', 42);

$my_constant = MY_CONSTANT;
echo "This is my constant: $my_constant";

Another way using (s)printf

define('MY_CONSTANT', 42);

// Note that %d is for numeric values. Use %s when constant is a string    
printf('This is my constant: %d', MY_CONSTANT);

// Or if you want to use the string.

$my_string = sprintf('This is my constant: %d', MY_CONSTANT);
echo $my_string;

Answer 9

As others have pointed out you can not do that. PHP has a function constant() which cant be called directly in a string but we can easily work around this.

$constant = function($cons){
   return constant($cons);
};

and a basic example on its usage:

define('FOO', 'Hello World!');
echo "The string says {$constant('FOO')}"; 

Answer 10

Here are some alternatives to the other answers, which seem to be focused mostly on the "{$}" trick. Though no guarantees are made on their speed; this is all pure syntactic sugar. For these examples, we'll assume the set of constants below were defined.

define( 'BREAD', 'bread' ); define( 'EGGS', 'eggs' ); define( 'MILK', 'milk' );

Using extract()
This one is nice because the result is identical to variables. First you create a reusable function:

function constants(){ return array_change_key_case( get_defined_constants( true )[ 'user' ] ); }

Then call it from any scope:

extract( constants() );
$s = "I need to buy $bread, $eggs, and $milk from the store.";

Here, it lowercases the constants to be easier on your fingers, but you can remove the array_change_key_case() to keep them as-is. If you already have conflicting local variable names, the constants won't override them.

Using string replacement
This one is similar to sprintf(), but uses a single replacement token and accepts an unlimited number of arguments. I'm sure there are better ways to do this, but forgive my clunkiness and try to focus on the idea behind it.

Like before, you create a reusable function:

function fill(){
    $arr = func_get_args(); $s = $arr[ 0 ]; array_shift( $arr );
    while( strpos( $s, '/' ) !== false ){
        $s = implode( current( $arr ), explode( '/', $s, 2 ) ); next( $arr );
    } return $s;
}

Then call it from any scope:

$s = fill( 'I need to buy /, /, and / from the store.', BREAD, EGGS, MILK );

You can use any replacement token you want, like a % or #. I used the slash here since it's a bit easier to type.

Answer 11

Late to the party but here's my solution in case you don't like (s)printf :

// Can of course be replaced with the const syntax
define("FOO", "bar");
$replace_pairs = ["%myConstant" => FOO];
// Output : "My constant : bar"
echo strtr("My constant : %myConstant", $replace_pairs);

Answer 12

It is fun that you can use keyword 'const' as a name for your function to prevent namespace littering:

define("FOO","foo");
${'const'} = function($a){return $a;};
echo "{$const(FOO)}"; // Prints "foo"
echo const(FOO); // Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_CONST

You can also use $GLOBALS to propagate 'const' function all over the code:

$GLOBALS['const'] = function($a){return $a;};

Unsure is it safe for future using. And what is worse - it's still looks ugly.

Answer 13

I need it pretty frequently, mostly while writing scripts, to print new line characters. When running the script from browser, the newline should be <br> and while executing it from terminal it should be PHP_EOL

So, I do something like:

$isCLI = ( php_sapi_name() == 'cli' );
$eol = $isCLI ? PHP_EOL : '<br>'; 
echo "${eol} This is going to be printed in a new line";

Answer 14

The easiest way:

$constant = 'constant';

echo "Current PHP Version: {$constant('PHP_VERSION')}";

Answer 15

I believe this answers the OP's original question. The only thing is the globals index key seems to only work as lower case.

define('DB_USER','root');
echo "DB_USER=$GLOBALS[db_user]";

Output:

DB_USER=root