String concatenation with Null

Question

I have the following code

System.out.println("" + null);

and the output is null .
How does Java do the trick in string concatenation?

Answer 1

Because Java converts the expression "A String" + x to something along the lines of "A String" + String.valueOf(x)

In actual fact I think it probably uses StringBuilder s, so that:

"A String " + x + " and another " + y

resolves to the more efficient

new StringBuilder("A String ")
    .append(x)
    .append(" and another ")
    .append(y).toString()

This uses the append methods on String builder (for each type), which handle null properly

Answer 2

Java uses StringBuilder.append( Object obj ) behind the scenes.

It is not hard to imagine its implementation.

public StringBuilder append( Object obj )
{
   if ( obj == null )
   {
       append( "null" );
   }
   else
   {
       append( obj.toString( ) );
   }

   return this;
}

Answer 3

The code "" + null is converted by the compiler to

new StringBuffer().append("").append(null);

and StringBuffer replaces null with the string "null". So the result is the string "null".