在 Mac M1 上安装 python 3.6.*

Question

我正在尝试运行一个需要 python < 3.7 的旧应用程序。 我目前使用的是python 3.9，需要使用python的多个版本。

我已经安装了pyenv-virtualenv和pyenv并成功安装了 python 3.7.13。 但是，当我尝试安装 3.6.* 时，我得到了这个：

$ pyenv install 3.6.13
python-build: use openssl@1.1 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.6.13.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.13/Python-3.6.13.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.6.13...
python-build: use tcl-tk from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from xcode sdk

BUILD FAILED (OS X 12.3.1 using python-build 2.2.5-11-gf0f2cdd1)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/r5/xz73mp557w30h289rr6trb800000gp/T/python-build.20220413143259.33773
Results logged to /var/folders/r5/xz73mp557w30h289rr6trb800000gp/T/python-build.20220413143259.33773.log

Last 10 log lines:
checking for --with-cxx-main=<compiler>... no
checking for clang++... no
configure:

  By default, distutils will build C++ extension modules with "clang++".
  If this is not intended, then set CXX on the configure command line.
  
checking for the platform triplet based on compiler characteristics... darwin
configure: error: internal configure error for the platform triplet, please file a bug report
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.

有办法解决这个问题吗？ 我看过了，好像 Mac M1 不允许安装 3.6.*

Answer 1

从GitHub 问题复制。

---

我使用以下设置在运行 Monterey 的 Apple M1 MacBook Pro 上成功安装了 Python 3.6 。 这里可能有一些可以删除/改进的东西......但它对我有用！

#Install Rosetta
/usr/sbin/softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license

# Install x86_64 brew
arch -x86_64 /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

# Set up x86_64 homebrew and pyenv and temporarily set aliases
alias brew86="arch -x86_64 /usr/local/bin/brew"
alias pyenv86="arch -x86_64 pyenv"

# Install required packages and flags for building this particular python version through emulation
brew86 install pyenv gcc libffi gettext
export CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew86 --prefix libffi)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix readline)/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I$(brew86 --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration" 
export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew86 --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix bzip2)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix gettext)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix libffi)/lib"

# Providing an incorrect openssl version forces a proper openssl version to be downloaded and linked during the build
export PYTHON_BUILD_HOMEBREW_OPENSSL_FORMULA=openssl@1.0

# Install Python 3.6
pyenv86 install --patch 3.6.15 <<(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv/master/plugins/python-build/share/python-build/patches/3.6.15/Python-3.6.15/0008-bpo-45405-Prevent-internal-configure-error-when-runn.patch\?full_index\=1)

请注意，构建成功但给出以下警告

WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?

运行pyenv versions显示系统可以正常使用3.6.15

Answer 2

添加到dontirun的答案。

您可能会收到如下错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/kullya/.pyenv/versions/3.6.15/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 101, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'
ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib?

这是因为您已经安装了另一个 openssl 版本，该版本高于 1.0，可能是 3。您可以更新下面突出显示的命令。

#Install Rosetta
/usr/sbin/softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license

# Install x86_64 brew
arch -x86_64 /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

# Set up x86_64 homebrew and pyenv and temporarily set aliases
alias brew86="arch -x86_64 /usr/local/bin/brew"
alias pyenv86="arch -x86_64 pyenv"

# Install required packages and flags for building this particular python version through emulation
brew86 install pyenv gcc libffi gettext

# -------------- change to openssl@1.1 here and others as well ----------+
#                                                                        ↓
export CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew86 --prefix libffi)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix readline)/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I$(brew86 --prefix openssl@1.1)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew86 --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include -Wno-implicit-function-declaration" 
export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew86 --prefix openssl@1.1)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix bzip2)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix gettext)/lib -L$(brew86 --prefix libffi)/lib"

# Providing an incorrect openssl version forces a proper openssl version to be downloaded and linked during the build
export PYTHON_BUILD_HOMEBREW_OPENSSL_FORMULA=openssl@1.1

# Install Python 3.6
pyenv86 install --patch 3.6.15 <<(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv/master/plugins/python-build/share/python-build/patches/3.6.15/Python-3.6.15/0008-bpo-45405-Prevent-internal-configure-error-when-runn.patch\?full_index\=1)