Javascript原型擴展基類無法從原型類訪問基類屬性/方法

Question

我已經從這個w3schools頁面創建了一個javascript類TkpSlider 。 （ JSFiddle ）

var TkpSlider = function (args) {
    args= args|| {};
};

var mainSwiper = new TkpSlider();

我已經擴展了這個以添加一些從該頁面啟發的滑動功能，以便我可以在用戶滑動時使用滑塊。 （ JSFiddle ）

var TkpSwiper = function (args) {
    TkpSlider.call(this, args);
};

TkpSwiper.prototype = Object.create(TkpSlider.prototype);

var mainSwiper = new TkpSwiper();

我將代碼分開，所以我不會在以后從基本代碼和任何其他函數中感到困惑。 但是對於OOP，我必須通過為它創建一個新名稱來擴展TkpSwiper ，但我想找到另一種使用相同名稱TkpSlider的方法 。

我看到了這篇文章，並試圖在這個JSFiddle （下面的代碼段）中使用prototype來擴展TkpSlider 。 問題是我無法從子類訪問基類的公共方法。 我測試過的博客中的示例javascript，我必須遺漏我的代碼。 任何人都可以有所了解嗎？ 謝謝。

 var TkpSlider = function (args) { args= args|| {}; //private variable var btnPrev = args.btnPrev || "tkp-slide-btn-prev";//class for previous button (default: "tkp-slide-btn-prev") var btnNext = args.btnNext || "tkp-slide-btn-next";//class for next button (default: "tkp-slide-btn-next") var itemClass = args.itemClass || "tkp-slide-item"; //each item container class to slide (default: "tkp-slide-item") var isAutoSlide = args.isAutoSlide || false;//set auto slide (default: false) var autoSlideTimer = args.autoSlideTimer || 2000;//set auto slide timer when isAutoSlide is true(default: 2000) var hideBtnNav = args.hideBtnNav || false; //hide button navigation(default: false) var isRandom = args.isRandom || false; //whether next or previous slide should be random index var slideIndex = args.startIndex || 0; //start slide index number (zero based, index 0 = slide number 1, default :0) var itemNodes = document.getElementsByClassName(itemClass); var itemLength = itemNodes.length; var autoSlideInterval; //public variable this.testParentVar = "parent var"; //init function init(); function init() { if (itemLength > 0) { showSlide(); bindEvent(); isAutoSlide ? setAutoSlide() : ""; hideBtnNav ? setHideBtnNav() : ""; } else { throw "Cannot find slider item class"; } } //private function function showSlide() { if (slideIndex >= itemLength) { slideIndex = 0; } if (slideIndex < 0) { slideIndex = (itemLength - 1); } for (var i = 0; i < itemLength; i++) { itemNodes[i].style.display = "none"; } itemNodes[slideIndex].style.display = "block"; } function nextPrevSlide(n) { slideIndex += n; showSlide(); } function bindEvent() { var btnPrevNode = document.getElementsByClassName(btnPrev); if (btnPrevNode.length > 0) { btnPrevNode[0].addEventListener("click", function () { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(-1); } if (isAutoSlide) { clearInterval(autoSlideInterval); setAutoSlide(); } }); } else { throw "Cannot find button previous navigation"; } var btnNextNode = document.getElementsByClassName(btnNext); if (btnNextNode.length > 0) { btnNextNode[0].addEventListener("click", function () { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(1); } if (isAutoSlide) { clearInterval(autoSlideInterval); setAutoSlide(); } }); } else { throw "Cannot find button next navigation"; } } function setAutoSlide() { autoSlideInterval = setInterval(function () { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(1); } }, autoSlideTimer); } function setHideBtnNav() { document.getElementsByClassName(btnPrev)[0].style.display = "none"; document.getElementsByClassName(btnNext)[0].style.display = "none"; } function setRandomSlideIndex() { var randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * itemLength); if (randomIndex == slideIndex) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { slideIndex = randomIndex; showSlide(); } } //public function this.nextPrevSlide = function (n) { nextPrevSlide(n); //console.log("nextPrevSlide"); }; //getter setter this.setItemClass = function (prm) { itemClass = prm; }; this.getItemClass = function () { return itemClass; }; }; //Adding touch swiper TkpSlider.prototype = function () { var self = this; var touchStartCoords = { 'x': -1, 'y': -1 }, // X and Y coordinates on mousedown or touchstart events. touchEndCoords = { 'x': -1, 'y': -1 },// X and Y coordinates on mouseup or touchend events. direction = 'undefined',// Swipe direction minDistanceXAxis = 30,// Min distance on mousemove or touchmove on the X axis maxDistanceYAxis = 30,// Max distance on mousemove or touchmove on the Y axis maxAllowedTime = 1000,// Max allowed time between swipeStart and swipeEnd startTime = 0,// Time on swipeStart elapsedTime = 0,// Elapsed time between swipeStart and swipeEnd //targetElement = document.getElementById('el'), // Element to delegate targetElements = self.getItemClass() ; init(); function init() { addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousedown touchstart', swipeStart); addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousemove touchmove', swipeMove); addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mouseup touchend', swipeEnd); } function swipeStart(e) { e = e ? e : window.event; e = ('changedTouches' in e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e; touchStartCoords = { 'x': e.pageX, 'y': e.pageY }; startTime = new Date().getTime(); //targetElement.textContent = " "; } function swipeMove(e) { e = e ? e : window.event; e.preventDefault(); } function swipeEnd(e) { e = e ? e : window.event; e = ('changedTouches' in e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e; touchEndCoords = { 'x': e.pageX - touchStartCoords.x, 'y': e.pageY - touchStartCoords.y }; elapsedTime = new Date().getTime() - startTime; if (elapsedTime <= maxAllowedTime) { if (Math.abs(touchEndCoords.x) >= minDistanceXAxis && Math.abs(touchEndCoords.y) <= maxDistanceYAxis) { direction = (touchEndCoords.x < 0) ? 'left' : 'right'; switch (direction) { case 'left': //targetElement.textContent = "Left swipe detected"; console.log("swipe left"); self.nextPrevSlide(1); break; case 'right': // targetElement.textContent = "Right swipe detected"; console.log("swipe right"); self.nextPrevSlide(-1); break; } } } } function addMultipleListeners(el, s, fn) { var evts = s.split(' '); var elLength = el.length; for (var i = 0, iLen = evts.length; i < iLen; i++) { if (elLength > 1) { for (var j = 0; j < elLength; j++) { el[j].addEventListener(evts[i], fn, false); } } else { el.addEventListener(evts[i], fn, false); } } } }(); var mainSwiper = new TkpSlider(); 

 .tkp-slide { width: 100%; position: relative; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-item:not(:first-child) { display: none; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-item img { width: 100%; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn { color: #fff !important; background-color: #000 !important; border: none; display: inline-block; outline: 0; padding: 8px 16px; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; opacity: 0.7; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn:hover { background-color: #333 !important; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn-prev { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0%; transform: translate(0%, -50%); -webkit-transform: translate(0%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(0%, -50%); } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn-next { position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 0%; transform: translate(0%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(0%, -50%); } 

 <section class="main-slide"> <div class="tkp-slide tkp-slide--container"> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=1" alt="Slide 1" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=2" alt="Slide 2" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=3" alt="Slide 3" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=4" alt="Slide 4" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=5" alt="Slide 5" /> </a> </div> <ul> <li class="tkp-slide-btn tkp-slide-btn-prev"> &#10094; </li> <li class="tkp-slide-btn tkp-slide-btn-next"> &#10095; </li> </ul> </div> </section> 

Answer 1

問題1：您沒有從原型函數返回任何內容。 您必須將每個公共方法作為返回Object的屬性返回。

return {
  initSwiper : init,
  method1 : method1,
  method2 : method2,
};

問題2：您需要在init函數中設置變量。 在它之外， 這個變量不會引用TkpSlider。

    // init();
    function init() {
        self=this;
        var targetElements = document.getElementsByClassName(this.getItemClass());
        addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousedown touchstart', swipeStart);
        addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousemove touchmove', swipeMove);
        addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mouseup touchend', swipeEnd);
        return this;
    }

問題3在創建TkpSlider對象時，需要手動調用initSwiper（）方法來初始化變量。

var mainSwiper = new TkpSlider().initSwiper();

然后它將按您的需要工作，如果需要，您可以調用公共方法。

mainSwiper.method1();
mainSwiper.method2();

工作片段：

 var TkpSlider = function(args) { args = args || {}; //private variable var btnPrev = args.btnPrev || "tkp-slide-btn-prev"; //class for previous button (default: "tkp-slide-btn-prev") var btnNext = args.btnNext || "tkp-slide-btn-next"; //class for next button (default: "tkp-slide-btn-next") var itemClass = args.itemClass || "tkp-slide-item"; //each item container class to slide (default: "tkp-slide-item") var isAutoSlide = args.isAutoSlide || false; //set auto slide (default: false) var autoSlideTimer = args.autoSlideTimer || 2000; //set auto slide timer when isAutoSlide is true(default: 2000) var hideBtnNav = args.hideBtnNav || false; //hide button navigation(default: false) var isRandom = args.isRandom || false; //whether next or previous slide should be random index var slideIndex = args.startIndex || 0; //start slide index number (zero based, index 0 = slide number 1, default :0) var itemNodes = document.getElementsByClassName(itemClass); var itemLength = itemNodes.length; var autoSlideInterval; //public variable this.testParentVar = "parent var"; //init function init(); function init() { if (itemLength > 0) { showSlide(); bindEvent(); isAutoSlide ? setAutoSlide() : ""; hideBtnNav ? setHideBtnNav() : ""; } else { throw "Cannot find slider item class"; } } //private function function showSlide() { if (slideIndex >= itemLength) { slideIndex = 0; } if (slideIndex < 0) { slideIndex = (itemLength - 1); } for (var i = 0; i < itemLength; i++) { itemNodes[i].style.display = "none"; } itemNodes[slideIndex].style.display = "block"; } function nextPrevSlide(n) { slideIndex += n; showSlide(); } function bindEvent() { var btnPrevNode = document.getElementsByClassName(btnPrev); if (btnPrevNode.length > 0) { btnPrevNode[0].addEventListener("click", function() { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(-1); } if (isAutoSlide) { clearInterval(autoSlideInterval); setAutoSlide(); } }); } else { throw "Cannot find button previous navigation"; } var btnNextNode = document.getElementsByClassName(btnNext); if (btnNextNode.length > 0) { btnNextNode[0].addEventListener("click", function() { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(1); } if (isAutoSlide) { clearInterval(autoSlideInterval); setAutoSlide(); } }); } else { throw "Cannot find button next navigation"; } } function setAutoSlide() { autoSlideInterval = setInterval(function() { if (isRandom) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { nextPrevSlide(1); } }, autoSlideTimer); } function setHideBtnNav() { document.getElementsByClassName(btnPrev)[0].style.display = "none"; document.getElementsByClassName(btnNext)[0].style.display = "none"; } function setRandomSlideIndex() { var randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * itemLength); if (randomIndex == slideIndex) { setRandomSlideIndex(); } else { slideIndex = randomIndex; showSlide(); } } //public function this.nextPrevSlide = function(n) { nextPrevSlide(n); //console.log("nextPrevSlide"); }; //getter setter this.setItemClass = function(prm) { itemClass = prm; }; this.getItemClass = function() { return itemClass; }; }; //Adding touch swiper TkpSlider.prototype = function() { var self; var touchStartCoords = { 'x': -1, 'y': -1 }, // X and Y coordinates on mousedown or touchstart events. touchEndCoords = { 'x': -1, 'y': -1 }, // X and Y coordinates on mouseup or touchend events. direction = 'undefined', // Swipe direction minDistanceXAxis = 30, // Min distance on mousemove or touchmove on the X axis maxDistanceYAxis = 30, // Max distance on mousemove or touchmove on the Y axis maxAllowedTime = 1000, // Max allowed time between swipeStart and swipeEnd startTime = 0, // Time on swipeStart elapsedTime = 0, // Elapsed time between swipeStart and swipeEnd //targetElement = document.getElementById('el'), // Element to delegate targetElements; //this.prototype.getItemClass() ; // init(); function initSwiper() { self = this; var targetElements = document.getElementsByClassName(this.getItemClass()); addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousedown touchstart', swipeStart); addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mousemove touchmove', swipeMove); addMultipleListeners(targetElements, 'mouseup touchend', swipeEnd); return this; } function swipeStart(e) { e.preventDefault(); e = e ? e : window.event; e = ('changedTouches' in e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e; touchStartCoords = { 'x': e.pageX, 'y': e.pageY }; startTime = new Date().getTime(); //targetElement.textContent = " "; } function swipeMove(e) { e = e ? e : window.event; e.preventDefault(); } function swipeEnd(e) { e.preventDefault(); e = e ? e : window.event; e = ('changedTouches' in e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e; touchEndCoords = { 'x': e.pageX - touchStartCoords.x, 'y': e.pageY - touchStartCoords.y }; elapsedTime = new Date().getTime() - startTime; if (elapsedTime <= maxAllowedTime) { if (Math.abs(touchEndCoords.x) >= minDistanceXAxis && Math.abs(touchEndCoords.y) <= maxDistanceYAxis) { direction = (touchEndCoords.x < 0) ? 'left' : 'right'; switch (direction) { case 'left': //targetElement.textContent = "Left swipe detected"; console.log("swipe left"); self.nextPrevSlide(1); break; case 'right': // targetElement.textContent = "Right swipe detected"; console.log("swipe right"); self.nextPrevSlide(-1); break; } } } } function addMultipleListeners(el, s, fn) { var evts = s.split(' '); var elLength = el.length; for (var i = 0, iLen = evts.length; i < iLen; i++) { if (elLength > 1) { for (var j = 0; j < elLength; j++) { el[j].addEventListener(evts[i], fn, false); } } else { el.addEventListener(evts[i], fn, false); } } } return { initSwiper: initSwiper }; }(); var mainSwiper = new TkpSlider().initSwiper(); 

 .tkp-slide { width: 100%; position: relative; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-item:not(:first-child) { display: none; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-item img { width: 100%; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn { color: #fff !important; background-color: #000 !important; border: none; display: inline-block; outline: 0; padding: 8px 16px; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; opacity: 0.7; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn:hover { background-color: #333 !important; } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn-prev { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0%; transform: translate(0%, -50%); -webkit-transform: translate(0%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(0%, -50%); } .tkp-slide .tkp-slide-btn-next { position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 0%; transform: translate(0%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(0%, -50%); } 

 <section class="main-slide"> <div class="tkp-slide tkp-slide--container"> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=1" alt="Slide 1" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=2" alt="Slide 2" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=3" alt="Slide 3" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=4" alt="Slide 4" /> </a> </div> <div class="tkp-slide-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)"> <img src="https://dummyimage.com/400x200/f2d9f2/080708&text=5" alt="Slide 5" /> </a> </div> <ul> <li class="tkp-slide-btn tkp-slide-btn-prev"> &#10094; </li> <li class="tkp-slide-btn tkp-slide-btn-next"> &#10095; </li> </ul> </div> </section> 

原型混亂： 這是這個 ？

TkpSlider.prototype = function() {

  console.log(this); /* this this is Child */
  init();

  function init() {
    console.log(this); /* this this is Child, called from child context */
  }

  function initSwiper() {
    console.log(this); /* this this is Parent, called from parent context */
  }

  function swipeStartEventHandler(event) {
    console.log(this); /* this this is HTML element #customId*/
  }

  return {
    initSwiper: initSwiper,
  };
}();

new TkpSlider().initSwiper();