I am using visual studio 2010, and can't quite get, how is this class wrong (syntax error : identifier 'EnumType ') and won't compile:
class BrokenClassWithEnum
{
private:
void useEnum (EnumType enumType); //syntax error : identifier 'EnumType '
public:
enum EnumType
{
VAL1,
VAL2,
VAL3
};
}
I don't think the order of definition (not declaration) matters but a forward declaration will resolve this error - at least in MSVC++ 6. Outside of MSVC++ 6 you should specify a storage type to forward declare an enum (the requirement for specifying the storage type in a forward enum was in the C++0x standard)
NOTE: VC++ 6 will allow the storage type to be omitted, but if you are forward declaring an enum, you should declare the storage type (SEE BELOW):
class BrokenClassWithEnum {
public:
enum EnumType;
private:
void useEnum (EnumType enumType);
public:
enum EnumType {
VAL1,
VAL2,
VAL3
};
};
class BrokenClassWithEnum {
public:
enum EnumType : int;
private:
void useEnum (EnumType enumType);
public:
enum EnumType : int {
VAL1,
VAL2,
VAL3
};
};
Forward declaration of enums is possible in some but not all C++ versions: 在某些但不是所有C ++版本中都可以转发枚举声明:
Within the class definition itself, items must appear in order (with dependent items appearing before the items that depend on them) like they do at any other scope. Inside a class method body (even if inlined) the entire definition of the class is available.
In C++ any referenced non-built-in name must have been declared somewhere earlier.
It might appear that this rule has an exception for class definitions, because the following works fine:
struct S
{
void foo() { cout << x_ << endl; }
int x_;
S(): x_( 42 ) {}
};
However, the rule about declaration-before-use applies to the transformed code
struct S
{
inline void foo();
int x_;
inline S();
};
void S::foo() { cout << x_ << endl; }
S::S() : x_( 42 ) {}
which is what the compiler "proper" sees. And here there is no use of anything that hasn't already been declared.
The proper C++03 solution to your problem is to define the enumeration type before its first use. With C++11 you can alternatively forward-declare it, but then an underlying type must be specified,
C++11 §7.2/3 :
“An opaque-enum-declaration is either a redeclaration of an enumeration in the current scope or a declaration of a new enumeration. [ Note: An enumeration declared by an opaque-enum-declaration has fixed underlying type and is a complete type. The list of enumerators can be provided in a later redeclaration with an enum- specifier . —end note ] A scoped enumeration shall not be later redeclared as unscoped or with a different underlying type. An unscoped enumeration shall not be later redeclared as scoped and each redeclaration shall include an enum-base specifying the same underlying type as in the original declaration.”
我相信可以在类中的声明之前访问成员变量,因为类验证或编译是在两遍中完成的。
"
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