Pip问题 - 由于EnvironmentError导致无法安装软件包

Question

我想我的Mac上有Python和/或pip的问题。 我在全球安装了Python 2.7，然后我通常设置virtualenvs并安装Python3.6.4但是在最后一天左右我遇到了诸如Fabric和SSH2这样的软件包的问题，​​我要么无法安装各种错误，要么安装它们我尝试导入包时抛出的Fabric。

我现在正在尝试删除Fabric并安装Fabric3及其抛出错误，如下所示：

Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/david/Documents/projects/uptimeapp/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Fabric3-1.14.post1.dist-info'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

(env) Davids-MacBook-Air:uptimeapp david$ pip install fabric3 --user
Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages are not visible in this virtualenv.

如果我做sudo pip install fabric然后安装但是有这个警告：

The directory '/Users/david/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/david/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

但我认为不建议用sudo pip安装？

这些是我尝试pip install ssh2-python时遇到的错误

ssh2/agent.c:569:10: fatal error: 'libssh2.h' file not found
    #include "libssh2.h"
             ^~~~~~~~~~~
    1 error generated.
    error: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/Users/david/Documents/projects/uptimeapp/env/bin/python3.6 -u  -c "import setuptools,   tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/bl/97vt48j97zd2sj05zmt4xst00000gn/T  /pip-install-mpyq41q4/ssh2-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open',   open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record   /private/var/folders/bl/97vt48j97zd2sj05zmt4xst00000gn/T/pip-record-qul_k3kq/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile -  -install-headers /Users/david/Documents/projects/uptimeapp/env/bin/../include/site/python3.6  /ssh2-python" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/bl/97vt48j97zd2sj05zmt4xst00000gn/T/pip-install-mpyq41q4/ssh2-python/

我已经设法删除Fabric并使用sudo命令安装Fabric3但我宁愿不这样做。

我应该补充一点，我在Python2.7或envs中全局安装其他软件包没有任何其他问题。

Answer 1

引发了permission denied错误，因为您已经通过使用sudo安装了虚拟环境。 跑

$ sudo chown -R david:staff /Users/david/Documents/projects/uptimeapp/env

修复权限。 如果您有其他权限问题，修复整个主目录的权限也许是明智之举：

$ sudo chown -R david:staff /Users/david/

现在重新安装包应该再次工作：

$ source /Users/david/Documents/projects/uptimeapp/env/bin/activate
$ (env) pip uninstall -y fabric
$ (env) pip install fabric

'libssh2.h' file not found

意味着在安装ssh-python之前，需要先安装相应的lib：

$ brew install libssh2

Answer 2

您可以使用pip在virtualenv库位置安装软件包：

sudo -H venv/bin/pip install fabric