[英]Numerical differentiation with python
我有这样一个任务:
You need to write a function with the following signature: def derForward(f, I, h) This function should get as input function and segment as Python list of two elements --- ends of the segment. 在 function 中,您被要求将段划分为长度为 ℎ 的小段,从而得到一个网格。 您的 function 应该返回 dy --- 每个点 x 的前向差异(除了边界,因为公式要求下一个值)。 您应该返回相同长度的 x 和 dy arrays。
我的答案是这样的:
xx = [] #list of x values
frw = [] #list of forw. differencies of x
def derForward(f, I, h):
x = np.arange(I[0], I[1], h)
f = np.vectorize(f)
for x_ in x[:-1]:
dxdy = (f(x_+h)-f(x_))/ h
xx.append(x_)
frw.append(dxdy)
x = np.array(xx)
dy = np.array(frw)
return x, dy
此 function 必须通过 3 次错误和准确度测试。 但现在它在测试 2 和 3 中失败了。我不明白为什么我只能通过 1 次测试。 检查器如下所示:
import numpy as np
from math import *
from time import time
def findif_check(derForward):
count=0
I=[0.001, 2*np.pi]
f=lambda x: sin(x)
h=0.01
st=time()
x, dy=derForward(f, I, h)
dur=time()-st
if x.shape[0]!=dy.shape[0]:
print('FAILED: x and dy shape mismatch!')
else:
df=lambda x: cos(x)
err=np.max(np.abs(dy-np.vectorize(df)(x)))
print('Test 1 |::| err=', np.max(np.abs(dy-np.cos(x))), ' |::| time: ', dur, 's')
if err<2*0.0075:
count+=1
print('Test 1 |::| accuracy OK')
else:
print('Test 1 |::| accuracy FAIL')
f=lambda x: x**x
I=[0.001, 1]
st=time()
x, dy=derForward(f, I, h)
dur=time()-st
df=lambda x: x**x*(log(x)+1)
err=np.max(np.abs(dy-np.vectorize(df)(x)))
print('Test 2 |::| err=', err, ' |::| time: ', dur, 's')
if err<2:
count+=1
print('Test 2 |::| accuracy OK')
else:
print('Test 2 |::| accuracy FAIL')
f=lambda x: e**(-x**2)
I=[0.001, 1]
st=time()
x, dy=derForward(f, I, h)
dur=time()-st
df=lambda x: -2*x*e**(-x**2)
err=np.max(np.abs(dy-np.vectorize(df)(x)))
print('Test 3 |::| err=', err, ' |::| time: ', dur, 's')
if err<2*0.01:
count+=1
print('Test 3 |::| accuracy OK')
else:
print('Test 3 |::| accuracy FAIL')
print('Passed: ', count, '/ 3')
因为在运行测试 2 和 3 时,变量xx
和frw
包含测试 1 的数据。
所以将xx
和frw
的定义移到def derForward(f, I, h):
中,如下:
def derForward(f, I, h):
xx = [] #list of x values
frw = [] #list of forw. differencies of x
x = np.arange(I[0], I[1], h)
f = np.vectorize(f)
// ... ... ... ...
然后所有3个测试都通过了:
Test 1 |::| err= 0.004999976659897233 |::| time: 0.04198646545410156 s
Test 1 |::| accuracy OK
Test 2 |::| err= 1.715675908387758 |::| time: 0.007221221923828125 s
Test 2 |::| accuracy OK
Test 3 |::| err= 0.009999270029526776 |::| time: 0.00669407844543457 s
Test 3 |::| accuracy OK
Passed: 3 / 3
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